The population of India: changes, 1901- onwards
This is a collection of articles archived for the excellence of their content. |
Contents |
1901-2011
|
Census Years |
Population |
Decadal growth |
Average annual exponential growth rate (percent) |
Progressive growth rate over 1901 (percent) |
|
|
Absolute |
Percent |
||||
|
1901 |
23,83,96,327 |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
1911 |
25,20,93,390 |
1,36,97,063 |
5.75 |
0.56 |
5.75 |
|
1921 |
25,13,21,213 |
-7,22,177 |
(0.31) |
-0.03 |
5.42 |
|
1931 |
27,89,77,238 |
2,76,56,025 |
11.00 |
1.04 |
17.02 |
|
1941 |
31,86,60,580 |
3,96,83,342 |
14.22 |
1.33 |
33.67 |
|
1951 |
36,10,88,090 |
4,24,27,510 |
13.31 |
1.25 |
51.47 |
|
1961 |
43,92,34,771 |
7,81,46,681 |
21.64 |
1.96 |
84.25 |
|
1971 |
54,81,59,652 |
10,89,24,881 |
24.80 |
2.20 |
129.94 |
|
1981 |
68,33,29.097 |
13,51,69,445 |
24.66 |
2.22 |
186.64 |
|
1991 |
84,64,21,039 |
16,30,91,942 |
23.87 |
2.16 |
255.05 |
|
2001 |
1,02,87,37,436 |
18,23,16,397 |
21.54 |
1.97 |
331.52 |
|
2011 |
1,21,01,93,422 |
18,14,55,986 |
17.64 |
1.64 |
407.64 |
1951-2011
December 22, 2014: The Planning Commission]
Population of India (1951-2011))- (in thousands)
|
Sl No |
States/Union Territorries |
1951 |
1961 |
1971 |
1981 |
1991 |
2001 |
2011 |
|
1 |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
31 |
64 |
115 |
189 |
281 |
356 |
381 |
|
2 |
Andhra Pradesh |
31,115 |
35,983 |
43,503 |
53,551 |
66,508 |
76,210 |
84,581 |
|
3 |
Arunachal Pradesh d |
na |
337 |
468 |
632 |
865 |
1,098 |
1,384 |
|
4 |
Assam a |
8,029 |
10,837 |
14,625 |
18,041 |
22,414 |
26,656 |
31,206 |
|
5 |
Bihar |
29,085 |
34,841 |
42,126 |
52,303 |
64,531 |
82,999 |
104,099 |
|
6 |
Chandigarh |
24 |
120 |
257 |
452 |
642 |
901 |
1,055 |
|
7 |
Chhatisgarh |
7,457 |
9,154 |
11,637 |
14,010 |
17,615 |
20,834 |
25,545 |
|
8 |
Dadra & Nagar Haveli |
42 |
58 |
74 |
104 |
138 |
220 |
344 |
|
9 |
Daman & Diu |
49 |
37 |
63 |
79 |
102 |
158 |
243 |
|
10 |
Delhi |
1,744 |
2,659 |
4,066 |
6,220 |
9,421 |
13,851 |
16,788 |
|
11 |
Goa |
547 |
590 |
795 |
1,008 |
1,170 |
1,348 |
1,459 |
|
12 |
Gujarat |
16,263 |
20,633 |
26,697 |
34,086 |
41,310 |
50,671 |
60,440 |
|
13 |
Haryana |
5,674 |
7,591 |
10,036 |
12,922 |
16,464 |
21,145 |
25,351 |
|
14 |
Himachal Pradesh |
2,386 |
2,812 |
3,460 |
4,281 |
5,171 |
6,078 |
6,865 |
|
15 |
Jammu & Kashmir b |
3,254 |
3,561 |
4,617 |
5,987 |
7,837 |
10,144 |
12,541 |
|
16 |
Jharkhand |
9,697 |
11,606 |
14,227 |
17,612 |
21,844 |
26,946 |
32,988 |
|
17 |
Karnataka |
19,402 |
23,587 |
29,299 |
37,136 |
44,977 |
52,851 |
61,095 |
|
18 |
Kerala |
13,549 |
16,904 |
21,347 |
25,454 |
29,099 |
31,841 |
33,406 |
|
19 |
Lakshadweep |
21 |
24 |
32 |
40 |
52 |
61 |
64 |
|
20 |
Madhya Pradesh |
18,615 |
23,218 |
30,017 |
38,169 |
48,566 |
60,348 |
72,627 |
|
21 |
Maharashtra |
32,003 |
39,554 |
50,412 |
62,783 |
78,937 |
96,879 |
112,374 |
|
22 |
Manipur c |
578 |
780 |
1,073 |
1,421 |
1,837 |
2,294 |
2,856 |
|
23 |
Meghalaya |
606 |
769 |
1,012 |
1,336 |
1,775 |
2,319 |
2,967 |
|
24 |
Mizoram |
196 |
266 |
332 |
494 |
690 |
889 |
1,097 |
|
25 |
Nagaland |
213 |
369 |
516 |
775 |
1,210 |
1,990 |
1,979 |
|
26 |
Orissa |
14,646 |
17,549 |
21,945 |
26,370 |
31,660 |
36,805 |
41,974 |
|
27 |
Puducherry |
317 |
369 |
472 |
604 |
808 |
974 |
1,248 |
|
28 |
Punjab |
9,161 |
11,135 |
13,551 |
16,789 |
20,282 |
24,359 |
27,743 |
|
29 |
Rajasthan |
15,971 |
20,156 |
25,766 |
34,262 |
44,006 |
56,507 |
68,548 |
|
30 |
Sikkim |
138 |
162 |
210 |
316 |
406 |
541 |
611 |
|
31 |
Tamil Nadu |
30,119 |
33,687 |
41,199 |
48,408 |
55,859 |
62,406 |
72,147 |
|
32 |
Tripura |
639 |
1,142 |
1,556 |
2,053 |
2,757 |
3,199 |
3,674 |
|
33 |
Uttar Pradesh |
60,274 |
70,144 |
83,849 |
105,137 |
132,062 |
166,198 |
199,812 |
|
34 |
Uttarakhand |
2,946 |
3,611 |
4,493 |
5,726 |
7,051 |
8,489 |
10,086 |
|
35 |
West Bengal |
26,300 |
34,926 |
44,312 |
54,581 |
68,078 |
80,176 |
91,276 |
|
ALL INDIA c |
361,088 |
439,235 |
548,160 |
683,329 |
846,421 |
1,028,737 |
1,210,855 | |
Source : Office of the Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs & Economic Survey 2013-14.
Notes:
a The 1981 Census could not be held in Assam. Total population for 1981 has been worked out by Interpolation.
b The 1991 Census could not be held in Jammu & Kashmir. Total population for 1991 has been worked out by Interpolation.
c India and Manipur figures include estimated population for those of the three sub-divisions viz. Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul Senapati districts of Manipur.
d Census conducted for the first time in 1961.
1960-2010
The World Bank
See graphic:
The Population of India, 1960-2010
2001
Age Structure And Marital Status
Age- sex structure is one of the most important characteristics of population composition. Almost all population characteristics vary significantly with age. Age statistics form an important component of population analysis, as most of the analysis is based on age-sex structure of the population. The usefulness of age data is more noticeable when it is cross classified by variables like marital status, literacy educational attainment, economic activity which vary with age in different patterns.
Apart from purely demographic concerns, the age- sex data structure is required for age specific analysis of data for planning, scientific, technical and commercial purposes. The dependency ratio, which is the ratio of economically active to economically inactive persons, is dependent on age composition.
India has one of the largest proportions of population in the younger age groups in the world. 35.3% of the population of the country has been in the age group 0-14 years at the Census 2001. 41% of the population account for less than 18 years of age.
Census 2001 data on marital status of persons show that out of over a billion population of the country, 513 million (49.8%) have reported ad ‘Never married’, mainly due to high proportion of young people. The ‘Married’ constitute about 45.6% of the total population.
POPULATION IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND THEIR PROPORTIONS TO TOTAL POPULATION
| Age group | Population | Percentage |
| All Ages | 1,028,610,328 | 100.0 |
| 0 - 4 | 110,447,164 | 10.7 |
| 5 - 9 | 128,316,790 | 12.5 |
| 10 - 14 | 124,846,858 | 12.1 |
| 15- 19 | 100,215,890 | 9.7 |
| 20 - 24 | 89,764,132 | 8.7 |
| 25 - 44 | 284,008,819 | 27.6 |
| 45 - 64 | 139,166,661 | 13.5 |
| 65 - 79 | 41,066,824 | 4.0 |
| 80+ | 8,038,718 | 0.8 |
| Less Than 18 | 422,808,543 | 41.1 |
| Less than 21 | 492,193,906 | 47.9 |
| Age no stated | 2,738,472 | 0.3 |
| Source : C2 and C14 Table, India, Census of India 2001. |
The number ‘Widowed’ persons, mostly females, are more than 44 million in the country. In the age group 15-49 years, the prime child bearing age group, 81.4% of the women are married. This percentage is high due to lower female age at marriage in many parts of the country.
POPULATION BY MARITAL STATUS AND SEX: INDIA – 2001
| MARITAL STATUS | NUMBER OF PERSONS (IN '000) | NUMBER OF PERSONS (IN '000) | NUMBER OF PERSONS (IN '000) | PERCENTAGE | PERCENTAGE |
| ...... | Persons | Males | Females | Males | Females |
| Total | 1,028,610 | 532,157 | 496,454 | 100 | 100 |
| Never Married | 512,668 | 289,619 | 223,048 | 49.8 | 54.4 |
| Married | 468,593 | 231,820 | 236,773 | 45.6 | 43.6 |
| Widowed | 44,019 | 9,729 | 34,290 | 4.3 | 1.8 |
| Divorced / Separated | 3,331 | 988 | 2,343 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Source : C2 and C14 Table, India, Census of India 2001 |
The following graph present the percentage of males and females to total males and females by their marital status in India as per Census 2001. As per Census 2001, the mean age at marriage for females, who married in the last five years, has been 23.5 years in the country. Among females the mean age at marriage varied from 17.8 years (Rajsthan) to 24.0 years (Goa), while among males it varied from 20.5 years (Rajsthan) to 28.2 years (Goa).
2001> 2011
Population Density (Per Sq. Km.)
| Area Name | Population density | (Persons per sq km) |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 2011 | |
| India | 325 | 382 |
| STATES | .... | .... |
| Andhra Pradesh # | 277 | 308 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 13 | 17 |
| Assam | 340 | 397 |
| Bihar | 881 | 1,102 |
| Chhattisgarh | 154 | 189 |
| Goa | 364 | 394 |
| Gujarat | 258 | 308 |
| Haryana | 478 | 573 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 109 | 123 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 100 | 124 |
| Jharkhand | 338 | 414 |
| Karnataka | 276 | 319 |
| Kerala | 819 | 859 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 196 | 236 |
| Maharashtra | 315 | 365 |
| Manipur | 97 | 122 |
| Meghalaya | 103 | 132 |
| Mizoram | 42 | 52 |
| Nagaland | 120 | 119 |
| Odisha | 236 | 269 |
| Punjab | 484 | 550 |
| Rajasthan | 165 | 201 |
| Sikkim | 76 | 86 |
| Tamil Nadu | 480 | 555 |
| Tripura | 305 | 350 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 690 | 828 |
| Uttarakhand | 159 | 189 |
| West Bengal | 903 | 1,029 |
| UNION TERRITORIES | .... | .... |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 43 | 46 |
| Chandigarh | 7,900 | 9,252 |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli | 449 | 698 |
| Daman & Diu | 1,413 | 2,169 |
| Delhi | 9,340 | 11,297 |
| Lakshadweep | 1,895 | 2,013 |
| Puducherry | 2,034 | 2,598 |
2011
See graphic:
Population, as in 2011
Projected population of Indian states, India: 2011-2101
February 2, 2018: The Times of India
From: February 2, 2018: The Times of India
i) of Indian states and India as a whole in 2081 -2101;
ii) the share of the three principal religions of India in the country’s population in 2050; and
iii) % share of top 10 states in total population in 2011 and 2101
From: February 2, 2018: The Times of India
See graphics:
1. Projected population of Indian states and India as a whole- 2011-81
2. Projected population
i) of Indian states and India as a whole in 2081 -2101;
ii) the share of the three principal religions of India in the country’s population in 2050; and
iii) % share of top 10 states in total population in 2011 and 2101
The 1.89 billionth Indian will never be born. India’s population is expected to peak at 1.88 billion 63 years from now. But some states will start shrinking much before that. Kerala and Tamil Nadu will reach their peak in just two decades. At the other end of the spectrum are states such as Bihar, which won’t start shrinking even by 2101, the last year for which we studied the population projection
2016: India vis-à-vis other countries
How the population of Indian states compares with that of other countries
From: April 24, 2018: The Times of India
See graphic:
The population of India vis-à-vis that of 12 major countries;
How the population of Indian states compares with that of other countries
India’s least and most populous vis-à-vis US states
From: November 2, 2018: The Times of India
See graphic:
2011: The population of India’s least and most populous vis-à-vis states in the USA
Projections
2020-2100
From: June 19, 2019: The Times of India
See graphic:
India will overtake China in 2027, but start to shrink from 2060 onwards; Estimates, 1950- 2020; medium- variant projections, 2020-2100
See also
The population of India: changes, 1901- onwards
