Amroha
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An overview
As in 2023
Sandeep Rai, July 30, 2023: The Times of India
Pick up a South African djembe or the bhangra dhol of Punjab, the mridangam of Carnatic music or a tiny, colourful damru, chances are they came out of Amroha, a town best known for and named after its ‘aam’ or mangoes.
Set near the Ganga in Uttar Pradesh, about 160km from Delhi, Amroha has been making percussion instruments for centuries, thanks mainly to the abundance of mango wood from the thousands of orchards there. Every year, the instruments made in Amroha are sold in more than 30 countries for a turnover of Rs 150 crore.
“Our elders say that hundreds of years ago, carpenters would choose an unproductive tree in the orchards, fell it and hollow out its trunk. The outer ring was strapped with processed goat or buffalo skin to turn it into a dholak,” says Rajeev Prajapati, a fourth-generation manufacturer of percussion instruments.
Thriving Industry
Today, Amroha has 350 karkhanas (workshops) where 10,000 pairs of hands churn out lakhs of these musical instruments annually. The artisans bring skills that have been passed down in their families for generations, and earn up to Rs 1,200 a day depending on the intricacy of their work.
“It is an example of the ustad-shagird (teacher-pupil) tradition. The tone, projection and sustain of a drum depend on the shape of its shell.
“Centuries of mastery in shaping shells sets Amroha a class apart,” says 50-year-old Shamshul Islam, a dhol maker.
Making A Drum
Drums come in different sizes. For example, a mridangam is 27 inches long while a Punjabi dholak measures 18 inches. To make them, shells of different sizes are carved out of a trunk. The craftsmen mostly work with locally produced hand tools while machines are used for smoothening the outer shell. Before the shells are closed with animal hide, women workers paint them at home, earning Rs 300-400 a day. “The making of an instrument involves more than 10 steps, and a trained hand is engaged for each. It’s teamwork,” says Pra- japati, who heads the Dholak Hasthkala Association, a group of local instrument manufacturers.
None of the wood goes to waste, he adds, as even the core of the trunk is turned into flowerpots that are “much in demand”.
Proud Of Their Work
The Amroha drum makers say their “unmatched workmanship” stalled an invasionof cheap Chinese instruments. “Around 15 years ago, Chinese musical instruments flooded the market. Their throwaway prices worried us but they weren’t durable,” says Shibli Shehzad, who recently supplied 10,000 small dholaks for distribution in Gujarat government schools.
The Chinese instruments were lacking in musical quality too, Shehzad adds: “A percussion player wants variety in the tones and depths of their instrument. Amroha’s instruments can provide almost a dozen different ‘taals’, where Chinese ones yield not more than five. ” While Shehzad swears by the “strength and richness” of mango wood, and Amroha’s premium instruments are still made from it, cheaper poplar wood is now used for the mass market.
“The sweetness of the mango comes from the wood of the tree, and it makes a difference in the instruments too,” says Prajapati, adding, “There’s no comparison (between mango and poplar) but mango wood isn’t that abundant anymore and we need to keep costs down. Poplar is the next best thing and good for casual players. ”
Govt Lends A Hand
The UP government has included Amroha’s dholak in its One District One Product (ODOP) scheme, and the instrument also got the geographical indication (GI) tag recently. But local businesses say they can do better with guidance from the government and a delivery system.
Aunjaneya Kumar Singh, divisional commissioner, Moradabad, told STOI: “We are working on customised government schemes, like subsidies on loans for the makers of percussion instruments, and helping them tap foreign markets on their own, instead of depending on the export houses. ”
Politics
The LS constituency: 1952- 2014
Amroha is where Mohd Shami is from, and just as the Team India pacer does on the cricket pitch, the constituency is known to bowl unplayable deliveries at its sitting MPs. Among the eight seats in western UP that go to polls in the second phase on April 18, Amroha is the only one where no sitting MP has won after 1980.
It’s giving some anxious moments to the incumbent, BJP’s Kanwar Singh Tanwar, a tycoon who is pitted against the gathbandhan’s Danish Ali and Congress’ Sandeep Singh Chaudhary. Tanwar could, however, take heart from Vinod Yadav’s view. The 46-year-old, who runs a makeshift tea stall on collectorate road, says, “Before the Modi government came to power in 2014, nobody ever thought about the development of Amroha. But that has changed now. We can see some development taking place.”
Around 150km from New Delhi and located on the banks of the Ganga, Amroha is known for a range of mango varieties. It got its name from ‘Amra’, mango’s Sanskrit name. Before April 15, 1997, when the BSP government made it a district, it was part of Moradabad. However, Amroha has been a Lok Sabha seat since the first general election. But before it earned its reputation of changing its MP every five years, Amroha actually had a knack for re-electing them. Congress’ Maulana Mohd Hifzur Rahman won in the election in 1952 and retained it till 1962. Thereafter, CPI’s Ishaq Sambhali won it twice in 1967 and 1971. In 1977, Congress was wiped out from the state and BLD’s Chandrapal Singh won the seat, retaining it in 1980, the last sitting MP to do so.
Chetan Chauhan, now UP’s sports minister, won the seat for the first time in 1991, but lost in 1996. He again won it in 1998, but lost to Rashid Alvi of Congress in 1999. Alvi himself couldn’t retain it in 2004 and lost to Independent candidate Harish Nagpal. Nagpal’s cousin Devendra Nagpal won on an RLD ticket in 2009, but BJP’s Tanwar snatched it from him in 2014. Haji Saheb, an elderly local, says MPs have no one but themselves to blame. “MPs don’t think about voters once they reach Parliament. All of them start grabbing money. That’s why they are shown the door,” he says.
SP-BSP candidate Danish Ali’s pitch is that Tanwar is an outsider. “The BJP candidate is from Haryana and has no connect with locals. But Amroha has been my birthplace and my place of work. People are fed up. They need change in Amroha and in Delhi also,” he says. Of Amroha’s around 16 lakh voters, Dalits and Muslims comprise 9 lakh.
