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INDIA 2012

A REFERENCE ANNUAL

Compiled by

RESEARCH, REFERENCE AND TRAINING DIVISION

PUBLICATIONS DIVISION

MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Road Sector:India

India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 41 lakh kilometres at present. The country’s road network consists of National Highways (NHs), State Highways, major/other district roads and village/rural roads. Though the NHs, which is the responsibility of the Central Government, has about 70,934 km (Annexure-I) length and comprises only 1.7% of the total length of roads, it carries over 40% of the total traffic across the length and breadth of the country. The length-wise distribution is as under:

===Table begins===* National Highways/Expressways 70,934 km

State Highways 1,54,522 km

Other Roads 3,88,4136 km

===Table ends===*

The National Highways have been classified on the basis of carriageway width of the highway. Generally, a lane has a width of 3.75 m in case of single lane and 3.5 m per lane in case of multi-lane National Highways. The percentage of National Highways in terms of width is as under :

===Table begins===*

Single Lane 17,089 km (24%)

Double Lane 36.651 km (52%)

Four Lane/Six lane/Eight Lane 17,194 km (24%)

===Table ends===*

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

The Central Government is responsible for development and maintenance of the National Highways system. The total length of the network, as of today, is 70,934 km. The Ministry is carrying out development and maintenance work of National Highways through three agencies, viz., National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), State Public Works Departments (PWDs) and Border Road Organisation (BRO).

In order to give boost to the economic development of the country, the Government has embarked upon a massive National Highways Development Project (NHDP) in the country. The NHDP is the largest highway project ever 1080 India 2012 undertaken in the country. The NHDP is being implemented mainly by NHAI in phases I to VII.

l NHDP Phase I & II: Envisage 4/6 laning of about 14,000 km of National Highways, at an estimated cost of about Rs.65,000 crore at 2004 prices. These two phases comprise Golden Quadrilateral (GQ), North-South and East-West corridor (NSEW), Port Connectivity and Other Projects. The GQ consists of 5846 km and connects four major cities, viz., Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The NSEW corridor comprising a length of 7142 km connects Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South including a spur from Salem to Kochi and Silchar in the East to Porbandar in the West, respectively. The NHDP also includes Port Connectivity Project comprising a length of 380 km for improvement of roads connecting 12 major ports in the country and other projects involving a length of 965 km are also included.

l NHDP Phase III: NHDP Phase-III involves 4-laning of 12,109 km of NHS having high density corridor connecting State capitals, important tourist places, economically important areas, etc. on PPP basis at an estimated cost of a 80,628 crore.

l NHDP Phase IV: It involves upgration / strengthening of 20,000 km of single/ intermediate /two lane National Highways to two lanes with paved shoulders on BOT (Toll) and BOT (Annuity) basis. l NHDP Phase V: It involves six laning of 6,500 km of NHs comprising 5,700 km of GQ and balance 800 km of other sections of NHs at a cost of a 41,210 crore.

l NHDP Phase VI : It involves construction of 1,000 km of expressways with full access control on new alignments at a cost of a 16,680 crore. l NHDP Phase VII: It involves construction of 700 km of ring roads of major towns and bypasses and construction of other stand-alone structures such as flyovers, elevated roads, tunnels, underspasses, grade separated interchanges etc. on National Highways at a cost of a 16,680 crore. The overall progress of NHDP as on 31 May 2011 is as under :

Table begins

Phases Total 4/6 laned Under implementation Balance (km) (km) km Contracts for award (No) GQ 5,846 5,827 19 8 - (99.67%) NS & EW Corridors 7,142 5,733 988 87 421 Port connectivity 380 318 62 4 0 Other NHs 1383 936 427 6 20 SARDP-NE 388 - 112 2 276 NHDP Phase III 12,109 2,351 5,925 82 3,833 IV 20,000 - 873 6 19,127 V 6,500 619 2,018 19 3,863 VII 700 - 41 2 659 Total 54,448 15,784 10,465 216 28,199

===Table ends===*

Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North Eastern region (SARDP-NE) It envisages improvement of road connectivity to the State Capitals with District Headquarters in the North Eastern region. The proposed programme includes improvement of 10,141 km of roads comprising National Highways (4798 km) and state roads (5343 km), to be implemented under Phase-A, Phase 'B' and Arunachal Pradesh Package for 'Road & Highways. Phase-A now consists improvement of 2041 km of National Highways and 2058 km of State Roads. Phase-B has now been modified to cover 2 laning of 1285 km of NHs and 2 laning / improvement of 2438 km of State roads for preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs). Arunachal Pradesh Package of roads & Highways comprises of 1472 km of National Highways and 847 km of State Roads.

So far, about 742 km length has been completed under SARDP-NE till May, 2011. It is targeted to complete 270 km roads during 2011-12.

Public Private Participation

Historically, investments in the infrastructure sector, particularly in the highways, were being made by the Government mainly because of the large volume of resources required, long gestation period, uncertain returns and various associated externalities. The galloping resource requirements and the concern for managerial efficiency and consumer responsiveness also have led in recent times to an active involvement of the private sector. To encourage private sector participation, government has announced several incentives like tax exemptions duty free import of road building equipments and machinery etc. It has been decided that all the sub projects in NHDP Phase-III to Phase-VII would be taken up mainly on Public Private Participation (PPP) route following either Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) toll mode or BOT (Annuity) mode.

Central Road Fund

The Central Government has created a dedicated fund, called Central Road Fund (CRF) for collection of cess on petrol and high speed diesel Oil . Presently, Rs.2/- per litre is collected as cess on petrol and High Speed Diesel (HSD) Oil. The fund is distributed for development and maintenance of National Highways, state roads, rural roads and for railway over bridges / under bridges and other safety features as provided in Central Road Fund Act, 2000. Cess is being distributed in the following manner. (i) Rs.1.50 is being allocated in the following manner : a) 50 % of the cess on high speed diesel (HSD) oil for development of rural roads. (b) 50 % of cess on HSD and the entire cess collected on petrol are thereafter allocated as follows: l 57.5% towards the development and maintenance of National Highways; l 12.5% for construction of road under or over bridges and safety works at unmanned railway crossing; l 30% on development and maintenance of state roads. Out of this amount, 10% is kept as reserve by the Central Government for allocation to States for implementation of state road schemes of Inter-State Connectivity and Economic Importance (ISC&EI) 1082 India 2012 (ii) Remaining cess of Rs.0.5 per litre is entirely allocated for development and maintenance of National Highways. An allocation of Rs.18,500 crore has been made under the CRF for 2011-12 with the following break-up:

===Table begins===*

1 National Highways Rs.9411.87 Cr.

2 Rural Roads Rs.5550.00 Cr.

3 Railways Rs.1040.63 Cr

4 Grant to State Governments and UTs for State roads Rs.2247.75 Cr.

5 Grant to States & UTs for Roads of Inter-State Rs.249.75 Cr.

Connectivity and Economic Importance

===Table ends===*

Improvement of road connectivity in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Affected Areas The Governments has approved scheme for development of NHs and State roads in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected areas of 34 districts in eight States at an estimated cost of Rs. 7300 crore. An allocation of r1200.00 crore has been made for the year 2011-12. Under the scheme, development of identified stretches of NHS (1126 km) and State roads (4351 km) to two lane standards are planned to be taken up in a phased manner in next three years, subject to adequate security arrangements to be provided by the respective State Governments / Central agencies. So far, 365 km length has been completed under LWE till May, 2011. It is targeted to complete 800 km roads during 2011-12. Special programme for 2 laning of entire balance NH network not covered under any approved programmes Ministry has taken initiatives to develop 6,700 km of single lane / intermediate lane NHs to minimum 2 lane standards on corridor concept. A length of 3800 km is proposed to be funded from a World Bank loan of US $ 2.96 billion and the balance length is proposed to be taken up through budgetary resources. Research and Development

The role of research and development in the road sector is to update the specifications for road and bridge works to introduce new testing techniques and equipments for effective quality control in projects, to introduce emerging construction materials in projects and to recommend new techniques for highway construction and maintenance. With the availability of modern construction machinery in the country, the specifications for the road and bridge works need periodic review. New testing equipments for checking quality of construction works are quick and reliable. The equipments need to be calibrated and understood before being put to use. Likewise, new materials and construction techniques before use in projects, need to be tested in a pilot research study. The dissemination of research findings is done through Indian Roadscongres by the publication of Research digest in Indian Highways, and by incorporation of these findings in various guidelines, codes of practice, compilation of State-of-Art reports and instructions/circulars issued by this Ministry. The research schemes sponsored by the Ministry are generally applied in nature, which, once completed, would enable them to be adopted by user agencies/ Departments in their work in the field. The areas covered are roads, road transport,

bridges, traffic and transportation engineering etc. The research work is undertaken in various research and academic institutions. The research work is assisting in development of road network in the country.

BORDER ROADS ORGANISATION

The Border Roads Organization (BRO) is a road construction executive force, integral to and in support of the Army. It started operations in May 1960 with just two projects (i.e), Project Tusker (renamed Project Vartak) in the East and Project Beacon in the West. It has now grown into a 17-project executive force. The BRO has not only linked the border areas of the North and North-East with the rest of the country, but has also developed the road infrastructure in Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh. Apart from this the organisation has been entrusted with construction of roads, airfields etc. abroad like in, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan & Myanmar. BRO has completed 215 km Delaram-Zaranj road in Afghanistan despite many odds and prevailing insurgency.

Functions of the BRO

The BRO is entrusted with the task of construction and maintenance of roads in the Border areas, classified as General Staff (GS) Roads, in keeping with defence requirements. GS roads are developed and maintained through funds provided by the Border Roads Development Board (BRDB), through the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Besides GS roads, the BRO also executes Agency Works, which are entrusted to it by other Central Government Ministries and Departments. Works entrusted by Public Sector Undertakings, state governments and other Semi-Government Organizations are executed as Deposit Works.

Important Milestones

l The entrustment of the construction of 8.80 km long Rohtang tunnel, related access roads to its portals and a 292 km long Alternate Route to Leh, at an approximate cost of Rs.1355.82 crore has opened a new chapter in the recognition of the diverse capabilities of the Organisation. The construction works have progressed as per target. Length of approach road to South Portal of Rohtang tunnel is 11.750 km and to the North Portal is 0.975 km. Work on tunnel has commenced on 5th November, 2009 and present progress is 18.90%. Probable date of completion (PDC) of tunnel work is 2014-15.

l The BRO has been entrusted with the four-laning of a stretch of NH-1A from Jammu-Vijaypur as part of NHDP's North-South corridor, on behalf of the NHAI. The initial cost of this project was estimated at Rs.83.88 cr and and revised cost of this project due to variation order approved for Rs.101.48 cr. Extension of time for PDC of March, 2011 has been sought. l Part of Phase 'A' of Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North-East (SARDP-NE) has been entrusted to BRO. The work involves construction of new roads and improvement of existing roads to double lane standards under a phased programme. Widening of 1103.58 km roads at an approximate cost of Rs.3870 crore under Phase 'A' with PDC 2013-14 and preparation of DPRs for the roads under Phase 'B' for 1883 km with

approximate cost of r 8500 crore have been entrusted to BRO. The works have commenced in the year 2006-07. BRO has also been entrusted with the task of construction / improvement of 2 lanes of 812 km length of road at an estimated cost of r 4060 crore under Arunachal Pradesh Package of Roads & Highways under SARDP-NE.

l Under the Re-construction plan for Jammu and Kashmir announced by the Prime Minister, the upgradation of 94 km long road Srinagar-Uri (NH1A), upgradation of 17.25 km long Uri-LoC road, double laning of 265 km long road Batote-Kishtwar-Anantnag (NH-1B), double laning of 422 km long Srinagar-Leh road via Kargil (NH-1D), construction of Nimu-Padam-Darcha 290 km and widening of 14.14 km long Domel-Katra (NH-1C) has been entrusted to BRO. The approximate cost of these works is Rs.2856.95 cr. These works are scheduled to be completed by 2012.

l BRO has completed a unique structure of 120 m long Cut and Cover tunnel at km 141.80 on NH-44 near Sonapur in Meghalaya in September, 2008. This will facilitate uninterrupted line of communication at Sonapur landslide area during the monsoons for forward areas of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Cachar region of Assam. 763.50 m long Passighat bridge on NH-52 has been completed during 2010-11. Feasibility study for Zozila (km 94.00 to km 118.00) and Z-More (km 77.50 to 80.20) tunnel of length 12 km and 3.1 km respectively on NH-1 in J&K has been commenced.