Waste generation and management: India - Revision history

Jyoti: /* See also */

2025-07-03T09:32:31Z

‎See also

Jyoti: /* Import of waste */

2022-09-17T17:59:46Z

‎Import of waste

Jyoti: /* Quantity of garbage generated */

2022-03-02T19:35:54Z

‎Quantity of garbage generated

Jyoti: /* 2017-18: the performance of 20 cities */

2021-07-19T21:44:37Z

‎2017-18: the performance of 20 cities

Jyoti: /* The Himalayan states */

2021-05-05T12:27:29Z

‎The Himalayan states

Jyoti: /* The hill states */

2021-04-01T12:22:31Z

‎The hill states

Jyoti: /* Gujarat */

2021-04-01T12:22:15Z

‎Gujarat

Jyoti: /* Gujarat */

2021-02-10T17:26:37Z

‎Gujarat

Jyoti: /* Import of waste */

2021-02-01T15:35:09Z

‎Import of waste

Pdewan: /* The best and worst cities: 2017, 2018 */

2021-01-29T23:53:17Z

‎The best and worst cities: 2017, 2018

@@ Line 458: / Line 458: @@
 “The only way forward is a decentralised waste management system and the inclusion of the informal sector in solid waste management. Around 1.5 lakh wastepickers are already segregating our waste at the secondary level,” said Chitra Mukherjee, who heads Chintan, an environmental research and action group. Mukherjee said registration of ragpickers, giving them contracts for door-to-door collection and allotment of space for waste segregation would lead to a “definitive change”.
 =See also=
 [[Delhi: waste management]]
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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 17 September 2022
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	The ministry also made a provision where white category (practically non-polluting or very less polluting) of industries will have to hand over hazardous wastes generated in their units to authorised users, waste collectors or disposal facilities.		The ministry also made a provision where white category (practically non-polluting or very less polluting) of industries will have to hand over hazardous wastes generated in their units to authorised users, waste collectors or disposal facilities.
		+
		+
		+	=Innovative schemes=
		+	==Food/ cash for waste==
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-garbage-cafes-that-exchange-waste-for-meals-is-making-cities-cleaner/articleshow/73151573.cms Ishita Bhatia, February 9, 2020: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+
		+	MEERUT: A walk through Mawana Road in the heart of Meerut city throws up visions of multi-storied houses, liquor stores, confectionery shops, and occasionally, garbage piles. But there’s one addition to the sight this Tuesday morning. Several ragpickers are present, lugging heavy sacks while sifting through the trash, swiftly putting items in their bags — empty liquor bottles, wrappers, cardboard boxes. Within a few minutes, much of the waste scattered on the street has disappeared and the group starts walking towards the bend that goes to Jaswant Rai Hospital.  Opposite the hospital, a canopy is being set up and the ragpickers eagerly watch two men making the arrangements. Once finished, the men start taking waste bags while handing out plates full of rice and piping hot curry. With that, it’s business as usual at Meerut’s first ‘garbage cafe’.
		+	An initiative by Ayush Mittal, a 25-year-old city resident and alumnus of St Mary’s Academy, the garbage cafe offers a plate of food for every half a kg of waste. After being rolled out on December 1 last year, the scheme has already served close to 1,000 people and collected 550kg of waste. Buoyed by the response, Mittal has decided to open one more garbage cafe in another part of the city this month.
		+
		+	Since Chhattisgarh’s Ambikapur opened the country’s first garbage cafe last year, several states are warming up to the idea. In Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, state-government-run Aahar Centers serve meals in exchange for half a kg of plastic waste. Delhi’s taken the idea further. At a garbage cafe in a mall in Dwarka, one can not only exchange plastic for snacks but also get vouchers to avail discounts at other food outlets at the mall. The idea is to kill two birds with one stone — fight hunger while ensuring better waste management.
		+
		+	In Meerut, residents said the effect is already visible, streets around the cafe are cleaner than usual. “Lately, I see many people picking up trash here,” said Puneet Sharma, a shop owner.
		+
		+	While the schemes in other states are being run by municipal corporations, the one in Meerut is an effort by Mittal’s non-governmental organization. So money is a little tight, he admitted. This means that the cafe can only serve one meal a day as of now. “We provide lunch from 12 to 1 because by that time most ragpickers have already collected enough waste,” Mittal told TOI. Garbage cafes in other areas are focused on plastic waste, but Mittal accepts all kinds — except wet waste. Trash is put in bins with labels such as ‘plastic waste’, ‘dry waste’ so it can be segregated and sold to scrap dealers. To provide food, Mittal has tied up with local shops and dhabas.
		+
		+
		+	For many, it’s the first and sometimes the only meal of the day. “I earn Rs 150 per day, it’s not enough to feed a family of four three times a day. But now if I’m able to collect sufficient waste, all my family members can have at least one full meal a day,” said Ram Hausla. He now wakes up an hour early so he can collect enough waste.
		+
		+	Another ragpicker, Sonu, added that his family of five had to often go hungry but now he takes food from garbage cafe home so he can share it with them.
		+
		+	The cafe is makeshift as of now — a canopy that’s pitched and removed every day on the side of the road. Mittal hopes that one day he would have enough funds for a piece of land where he can set up a more permanent structure.
		+
		+	It’s not the first time the youngster has managed to leave a Swachh footprint in the city. Earlier, his NGO targeted waste collection from colonies that produced garbage in bulk but where no waste collection was taking place. Degradable waste was put into compost pits while non-degradable trash sold to recyclers.
		+	While, similar schemes in other states are being run by municipal corporations, the one in Meerut is run by an NGO.
		+
		+	Lately, the city — which ranked a dismal 286 out of 425 cities in the latest Swachh ranking — has taken initiatives to boost cleanliness. In November 2019, the Meerut Cantonment Board (which ranked 2nd out of 62 cantonments in the country in the Swachh survey) started segregating and collecting sanitary waste from 10,000 families in pink dustbins. Earlier, the Meerut Municipal Corporation had allowed the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (GMC) to ferry a chunk of the waste generated per day in Ghaziabad for processing in Meerut after the GMC was forced to stop dumping at Pratap Vihar landfill on the orders of an NGT committee on waste management.
		+
		+
		+	===Similar schemes elsewhere===
		+
		+	In 2019, Ambikapur,Chhattisgarh, started India's first garbage cafe.
		+
		+	In Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, govt centres serve meals in exchange for half a kg of plastic waste.
		+
		+	A mall in Delhi exchanges plastic for snacks, and also provides discounts at food outlets.
		+
		+	[[Category:Environment and pollution\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
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	=Landfills=		=Landfills=

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 2 March 2022
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	''The quantity of garbage generated every day in seven leading cities of India, 2000, 2015''		''The quantity of garbage generated every day in seven leading cities of India, 2000, 2015''
		+
		+
		+	==2015-20==
		+	[[File: Yearly generation of waste and its management in India, 2019- 20.jpg\|Yearly generation of waste and its management in India, 2019- 20 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_02_2022_010_012_cap_TOI February 26, 2022: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	[[File: Yearly generation of plastic-, food- and e- waste and groundwater lost in India, 2019- 20.jpg\|Yearly generation of plastic-, food- and e- waste and groundwater lost in India, 2019- 20 <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/article-share?article=26_02_2022_010_013_cap_TOI Vishwa Mohan, February 26, 2022: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+	'''See graphics''':
		+
		+	'' Yearly generation of waste and its management in India, 2019- 20 ''
		+
		+	'' Yearly generation of plastic-, food- and e- waste and groundwater lost in India, 2019- 20 ''
		+
		+	[[Category:Environment and pollution\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
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		+	[[Category:India\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
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	=Waste segregation=		=Waste segregation=

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 19 July 2021
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	IIT-Delhi had recently observed that no reparation work was possible at the Ghazipur landfill site where EDMC was currently dumping its waste. More than 1,600MT of solid waste continues to be dumped at the site, 17 years after its scheduled closure. The landfill’s height has touched 65m and is extremely vulnerable to accidents. Despite this, the segregation % of EDMC and South Delhi Municipal Corporation is below 33 compared to more than 90 in Indore, Alapuzzha, Vengurla and Panchgani, according to the assessment. But the collection and transportation efficiency of EDMC and SDMC are above 90%; yet, SDMC and EDMC landfill nearly 50% of their waste compared to less than 10% in Alappuzha, Panchgani and Vengurla.		IIT-Delhi had recently observed that no reparation work was possible at the Ghazipur landfill site where EDMC was currently dumping its waste. More than 1,600MT of solid waste continues to be dumped at the site, 17 years after its scheduled closure. The landfill’s height has touched 65m and is extremely vulnerable to accidents. Despite this, the segregation % of EDMC and South Delhi Municipal Corporation is below 33 compared to more than 90 in Indore, Alapuzzha, Vengurla and Panchgani, according to the assessment. But the collection and transportation efficiency of EDMC and SDMC are above 90%; yet, SDMC and EDMC landfill nearly 50% of their waste compared to less than 10% in Alappuzha, Panchgani and Vengurla.

		+	==Ambikapur==
		+	===2015-19===
		+	[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F12%2F07&entity=Ar01010&sk=575BAAC1&mode=text Cherrupreet Kaur, Dec 7, 2019 ''Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: How Ambikapur did it.jpg\|How Ambikapur did it? <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F12%2F07&entity=Ar01010&sk=575BAAC1&mode=text Cherrupreet Kaur, Dec 7, 2019 ''Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+	Here, you can pay for your meal with plastic — not cards, but real plastic — the bits and pieces that lie around your house. And you can walk on a road made entirely of plastic.
		+
		+	Ambikapur, a town of less than two lakh in Chhattisgarh, is leading the way in modern garbage collection and disposal. Its solid waste management is emerging as a model for other states and was featured in discussions in the Parliament on Thursday.
		+
		+	The town in north Chhattisgarh’s Surguja district shot to limelight this year by securing the second place in Swachh city rankings. It has the country’s first digital garbage management system, has freed itself of dustbins, and recently launched a Garbage Cafe, where you get a full meal in exchange for 1kg of plastic waste.
		+
		+	The cafe, like most other waste management schemes of Ambikapur, is a first in the country. It has become so efficient in making the best use of plastic that a 1.5-km road in Ambikapur has been made entirely of plastic granules manufactured at its own plant.
		+
		+	Ambikapur generates 45 metric tonnes of solid waste every day, which was earlier dumped on a 16-acre ground, about 3.5km from the town. Now, it has been converted into a park by Ambikapur Municipal Corporation, as the town doesn’t need dumping sites.
		+
		+	The corporation’s solid-liquid resource management (SLRM) has transformed the city. “Renowned environmentalist C Srinivasan laid the foundation of SLRM in Ambikapur. A team of
		+	AMC officials visited an SLRM site he had developed in a village in south India. The idea was modified according to the needs of Ambikapur and there has been no looking back since,” said Ambikapur mayor Dr Ajay Tirkey.
		+
		+	The district administration launched the new system in 2015 by roping in women self-help groups. As per AMC data, Ambikapur generates about 51.5 metric tonnes of garbage every day, the bulk of which — 35.7 metric tonnes — is organic waste. This is converted into compost and put on sale in the market.
		+
		+	An efficient door-to-door waste collection system — handled by an all-woman team of 435 — means Ambikapur doesn’t need trash cans on the streets, said the mayor. “Garbage segregation begins at home — red bins for inorganic waste and blue bins for organic waste. The collected waste is brought to 17 SLRM centres for segregation. There is an 18th SLRM centre, which deals with plastic material of 156 categories,” Tirkey said.
		+
		+	Around one year ago, AMC started manufacturing granules from plastic waste. In tertiary segregation, every piece of plastic is sorted. For instance, the caps, wrappers and bottles of packaged drinking water or soft drinks go into separate trays. They are converted into granules and put on sale.
		+
		+	Tirkey said AMC makes Rs 12 lakh a month by selling plastic granules and recycled paper. Giving its best-of-plasticwaste theme a tasty twist, AMC in association with the district administration opened a garbage cafe in July. The cafe gives free meals to ragpickers and just about anyone who brings in 1kg of plastic.
		+
		+	Residents can take plastic waste to an SLRM segregation centre, where they are given a coupon that can be encashed for breakfast or lunch at a canteen at Ambikapur bus stand.
		+
		+	[[Category:Environment and pollution\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
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		+	[[Category:India\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
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	==[[Delhi: waste management]]==		==[[Delhi: waste management]]==

@@ Line 166: / Line 166: @@
 Scientists said that easy access to garbage heaps was also changing animal foraging behaviour. S Satyakumar, a scientist and senior professor at Dehradun-based Wildlife Institute of India, said that waste contains scraps of food and meat which attracts animals, so instead of hunting they start foraging in garbage dumps. “This also increases man-animal conflict," he said.
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@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F08%2F24&entity=Ar01508&sk=7BCD88E4&mode=text  Prashant Jha, August 24, 2019: ''The Times of India'']
-[[File: Waste processed in the hill states in 2018.jpg| Waste processed in the hill states in 2018. <br/> From: |frame|500px]]
+[[File: Waste processed in the hill states in 2018.jpg| Waste processed in the hill states in 2018. <br/> From: [https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F08%2F24&entity=Ar01508&sk=7BCD88E4&mode=text  Prashant Jha, August 24, 2019: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
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 ==The Himalayan states==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:22, 1 April 2021
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	Thennesaran said besides meeting infrastructure requirement, the municipal body is working to take care of the huge migrant population in the textile and diamond city. The corporation has awarded work to build five housing projects to provide transit accommodation to migrant workers. “They will be allowed to stay by paying the monthly rent that we will fix. These will be ready in 18 months. There will be both dormitories and rooms for families. In the second phase, we will take up six more projects,” he added. Though the Centre has been talking about this rental housing scheme for over three years, not much has been done to formulate the policy.		Thennesaran said besides meeting infrastructure requirement, the municipal body is working to take care of the huge migrant population in the textile and diamond city. The corporation has awarded work to build five housing projects to provide transit accommodation to migrant workers. “They will be allowed to stay by paying the monthly rent that we will fix. These will be ready in 18 months. There will be both dormitories and rooms for families. In the second phase, we will take up six more projects,” he added. Though the Centre has been talking about this rental housing scheme for over three years, not much has been done to formulate the policy.
		+
		+	==The hill states==
		+	===As in 2018===
		+	[https://epaper.timesgroup.com/Olive/ODN/TimesOfIndia/shared/ShowArticle.aspx?doc=TOIDEL%2F2019%2F08%2F24&entity=Ar01508&sk=7BCD88E4&mode=text Prashant Jha, August 24, 2019: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: Waste processed in the hill states in 2018.jpg\| Waste processed in the hill states in 2018. <br/> From: \|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+	Two star-studded weddings in the family of South Africa-based Gupta brothers held in the alpine meadows of Uttarakhand’s Auli last month reduced the popular ski resort to a mountain of trash. Thousands of kilos of waste were then transported nearly 300km to Dehradun for disposal. The reason: Auli doesn’t have a solid waste treatment plant. And neither do many other destinations on the once-pristine Himalayan belt.
		+
		+	In fact, more than twothirds of the total waste produced in the 10 Himalayan states is not processed and ends up in landfills, according to the Union ministry of environment, forests and climate change. While the country processed less than half the waste it generated — over 5 crore metric tonnes — in the study period in 2018, Himalayan states fared even worse and collectively treated only 31% of their total waste.
		+
		+	From April to November 2018, the 10 states had produced 17.5 lakh metric tonnes (MT) of waste but processed merely 5.4 lakh MT. J&K, which generated the most waste among the 10 states — a whopping 5 lakh MT — processed just 8% of it while Mizoram processed only 4%. Sikkim was the best performer, processing two-thirds of its waste with Himachal and Uttarakhand at about 40%. Thus, a major chunk of garbage produced is dumped in landfills or can be found strewn across mountains.
		+
		+	Pramod, a resident of Uttarakhand’s Chamoli district who works as a trek guide, said tourism has fueled the waste problem. “Only a handful of hotels existed in Ghangharia — base camp to both Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers — a decade ago. With increased tourist flow, there has been a rapid rise in their numbers. But absence of waste management facilities means trash generated by them is dumped in nearby gorges or hilltops,” he said.
		+
		+	Local bodies tasked with waste management often lack funds, waste is hardly segregated at source and modern waste treatment plants are absent. Uttarakhand, for instance, has 13 districts but only one waste treatment plant in Dehradun that began operating in 2017.
		+	Another issue is that audit to collect data on waste generation, which can be useful in policy making, isn’t conducted periodically.
		+
		+	Meanwhile, the ban on plastic in states like Uttarakhand, Himachal and Tripura has also remained mostly on paper. Another reason the waste problem has persisted is that non-compliance to norms doesn’t carry strict penalties, experts said. In the Central Pollution Control Board’s last review held in 2015-16, Himachal, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim did not bother to submit compliance reports on solid waste management.
		+
		+	But timely action can help India overcome its garbage problem, experts said.
		+
		+	Waste has to be segregated at the household level before it’s given for collection. “Community engagement through mobilization and creating awareness will be key,” said Swati Singh Sambyal, a programme manager at the Centre for Science and Environment. States also have to build scientific waste treatment plants and look for ways to extract value by converting garbage into compost or biogas.
		+
		+	But delay can prove costly, experts warned. S Satyakumar, a scientist at Dehradunbased Wildlife Institute of India said that easy access to garbage heaps was changing animal foraging behaviour.
		+
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	==The Himalayan states==		==The Himalayan states==

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 10 February 2021
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	Thennesaran said besides meeting infrastructure requirement, the municipal body is working to take care of the huge migrant population in the textile and diamond city. The corporation has awarded work to build five housing projects to provide transit accommodation to migrant workers. “They will be allowed to stay by paying the monthly rent that we will fix. These will be ready in 18 months. There will be both dormitories and rooms for families. In the second phase, we will take up six more projects,” he added. Though the Centre has been talking about this rental housing scheme for over three years, not much has been done to formulate the policy.		Thennesaran said besides meeting infrastructure requirement, the municipal body is working to take care of the huge migrant population in the textile and diamond city. The corporation has awarded work to build five housing projects to provide transit accommodation to migrant workers. “They will be allowed to stay by paying the monthly rent that we will fix. These will be ready in 18 months. There will be both dormitories and rooms for families. In the second phase, we will take up six more projects,” he added. Though the Centre has been talking about this rental housing scheme for over three years, not much has been done to formulate the policy.

		+	==The Himalayan states==
		+	===As in 2019===
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/what-a-waste-india-treating-less-than-half-of-its-trash-himalayan-states-only-31/articleshow/70551608.cms Prashant Jha, February 12, 2020: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: Total waste generated in India, 2019.jpg\|Total waste generated in India, 2019 <br/> Photos: Sukanta Mukherjee/Amit Sharma; <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/what-a-waste-india-treating-less-than-half-of-its-trash-himalayan-states-only-31/articleshow/70551608.cms Prashant Jha, February 12, 2020: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+	[[File: How waste is processed.jpg\|How waste is processed <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/what-a-waste-india-treating-less-than-half-of-its-trash-himalayan-states-only-31/articleshow/70551608.cms Prashant Jha, February 12, 2020: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+
		+	DEHRADUN: Two star-studded weddings in the family of South Africa-based Gupta brothers held in the alpine meadows of Auli in June reduced the popular ski resort to a mountain of trash. Hundreds of quintals of waste, including non-degradable plastic, was then transported nearly 300km to Dehradun for final disposal. The reason: Auli doesn’t have a solid waste treatment plant. And neither do several other destinations in the once-pristine Himalayan belt.
		+
		+	In fact, more than two-thirds of the total waste produced in 10 Himalayan states of the country is not processed and ends up in landfills and pits, according to data presented recently in the Parliament by the Union ministry of environment, forests and climate change (MoEF). While the country processed less than half of the waste it generated in 2018 — over 5 crore metric tonnes — Himalayan states fared even worse and collectively treated only 31% of the total waste generated.
		+
		+	By November last year, the 10 states had produced 17.5 lakh metric tonnes (MT) of waste but processed merely 5.4 lakh MT. Jammu & Kashmir which generates the most waste among the 10 states — a whopping five lakh metric tonnes — has been processing just 8% of its garbage while Mizoram processes only 4%. Sikkim emerged as the best state in this respect as it processed two-thirds of its waste but Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand managed about 40%.
		+
		+	This means that major chunk of garbage produced in these states is either dumped in landfills or can be found strewn across mountains. Just ask local residents, who now wake up to snow-capped peaks, the wind rustling through pine and deodar trees — and garbage dumps.
		+
		+	Pramod, a resident of Uttarakhand’s Chamoli district who works as a trek guide to the Valley of Flowers and Hemkund Sahib, said that tourism has fueled the waste problem in Himalayas. “Only a handful of hotels existed in Ghangharia — base camp to both Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers — a decade ago. With increased tourist flow, there has been a rapid rise in the number of such establishments. But absence of waste management infrastructure means that trash generated by them is dumped in nearby gorges or hilltops,” he told TOI.
		+
		+	Waste Warriors, an NGO that works in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, said that loads of waste, including plastic, can be found on famous trekking routes in hilly states. “Recently, we conducted several drives to clean famous trekking routes near Dharamshala in Himachal,” said Chirag Mahajan, a member.
		+
		+	Tourism is just part of the problem. The urban local bodies tasked with waste management often lack funds, waste is hardly segregated at source and modern and scientific waste treatment plants are lacking. Uttarakhand, for instance, has 13 districts but only one waste treatment plant which is in Dehradun and started functioning only in 2017.
		+
		+	Another issue is that waste audit to collect data on monthly waste generation, types of waste and waste processed — all of which can be useful in policy making — isn’t conducted periodically. In fact, when it comes to e-waste, there is no monitoring system in any of the states to assess how much of it is being produced, according to Anoop Nautiyal, founder of Gati Foundation, a think-tank.
		+
		+	Meanwhile, the ban on plastic in states like Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Tripura has also remained mostly on paper. There is no checking in many places to stop tourists from carrying plastic bottles or polythene bags inside ecologically fragile regions.
		+	Another reason that the waste problem has persisted is because non-compliance to norms do not carry strict penalties, said experts. In the Central Pollution Control Board’s last review held in 2015-16, Himachal, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim did not bother to submit compliance reports on solid waste management.
		+
		+	But timely action can help India overcome its garbage problem, experts said. First, waste has to be segregated at source, which means that households need to segregate waste before giving it for collection. “Community engagement through mobilisation and creating awareness will be key,” said Swati Singh Sambyal, programme manager (municipal solid waste) at the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).
		+
		+	Lesser generation of waste at source by recycling products and employing strategies like using alternative packaging can be another way. Processing plants should be built at sites where they can handle waste from multiple municipalities, said experts. Next, states have to build scientific waste treatment plants and look for ways to extract value by converting garbage into compost or biogas.
		+
		+	“Waste plants only segregate and dispose waste. But scientific waste plants like the one in Dehradun compost, recycle and also produce refuse-derived-fuel (fuel produced from waste),” said Dehradun Municipal Corporation’s chief health officer Kailash Joshi.
		+
		+	Looking into how money meant for waste budget is being spent is another crucial factor. A United Nations Environment Programme report in 2011 highlighted that developing countries typically spend more than half of their waste budget in collection alone (mainly on labour and fuel), although the collection rate remains low and the transport of waste inefficient. Spending on other segments of the waste management chain, such as technologies and facilities for treatment, recovery and disposal, is generally rather low.
		+
		+	Since the past few years, however, states have been spending on setting up waste management plants. In 2017, Himachal had sanctioned at least six new treatment plants. Uttarakhand has plans for the same. Madan Kaushik, Uttarakhand’s urban development minister and spokesperson for the government, admitted that waste generated in eco-sensitive areas needs to be managed well. “We are aware that we are lagging in waste management. At present, we process around 40% of waste, but we aim to process 90% within a few years by expanding the capacity of the current treatment plant and building more.”
		+
		+	But any delay can prove costly to the Himalayan ecology, experts warned. A study conducted in the Himalayas and published in December 2018 in journal Current Science found a diverse range of animals — carnivores, primates, bulbuls, doves, woodpeckers — frequenting garbage dumps in a Himalayan landscape and ingesting plastic. Researchers concluded that unsegregated garbage near natural habitats as a result of increased tourism posed a huge conservation threat.
		+
		+	Scientists said that easy access to garbage heaps was also changing animal foraging behaviour. S Satyakumar, a scientist and senior professor at Dehradun-based Wildlife Institute of India, said that waste contains scraps of food and meat which attracts animals, so instead of hunting they start foraging in garbage dumps. “This also increases man-animal conflict," he said.
		+
		+	[[Category:Environment and pollution\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]

	==West Bengal==		==West Bengal==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 1 February 2021
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	The ministry also made a provision where white category (practically non-polluting or very less polluting) of industries will have to hand over hazardous wastes generated in their units to authorised users, waste collectors or disposal facilities.		The ministry also made a provision where white category (practically non-polluting or very less polluting) of industries will have to hand over hazardous wastes generated in their units to authorised users, waste collectors or disposal facilities.
		+
		+	=Landfills=
		+	==Cost to environment==
		+	===Delhi, as in 2020 ===
		+	[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/aap-attacks-bjp-over-landfills-causing-450-crore-damage-to-environment/article33706227.ece AAP attacks BJP over landfills causing ‘₹450-crore damage’ to environment, January 31, 2021: ''The Hindu'']
		+
		+	‘Completed 2.5K mohalla sabhas to expose BJP’s corruption’
		+
		+
		+	Citing an IIT report, AAP said the landfills in Delhi are causing a loss of ₹450 crore to the environment.
		+
		+	The party also said they have completed 2,500 mohalla sabhas across the city to expose BJP’s alleged corruption in the municipal corporations.
		+
		+	“A report made by the National Environment Tribunal, Central Pollution Board and IIT-Delhi have conducted a collective scientific analysis. In the report, they have found out that these three garbage mountains have cost a loss of ₹450 crores to the environment of Delhi. If you study the report in detail, they have said that the garbage mountains have ruined the underground water reserve up to 10-15 kms around those mountains,” said AAP leader Durgesh Pathak at a press meet.
		+
		+	He claimed that in the last 15 years, the biggest achievement of the BJP-ruled civic bodies has been building three garbage mountains in Bhalswa, Okhla and Ghazipur. “You will find around 90 lakh metric tonnes of garbage, if you visit the Bhalswa landfill. There are 50 lakh metric tonnes of garbage in Okhla landfill, and 140 lakh metric tonnes garbage in Ghazipur landfill. The way BJP is cleaning these landfills, it will take 200 years for them to complete the task,” Mr. Pathak said.
		+
		+	About the mohalla sabhas, the AAP leader said, “We had launched a campaign across Delhi 15 days back, under which our aim was to organise 2,500 mohalla sabhas across Delhi. Yesterday we completed 2,500 mohalla sabhas under our campaign. We noticed a great enthusiasm among the people for AAP.”
		+
		+	[[Category:Environment and pollution\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]

	=Municipal solid waste (garbage)=		=Municipal solid waste (garbage)=

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:53, 29 January 2021
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	“The only way forward is a decentralised waste management system and the inclusion of the informal sector in solid waste management. Around 1.5 lakh wastepickers are already segregating our waste at the secondary level,” said Chitra Mukherjee, who heads Chintan, an environmental research and action group. Mukherjee said registration of ragpickers, giving them contracts for door-to-door collection and allotment of space for waste segregation would lead to a “definitive change”.		“The only way forward is a decentralised waste management system and the inclusion of the informal sector in solid waste management. Around 1.5 lakh wastepickers are already segregating our waste at the secondary level,” said Chitra Mukherjee, who heads Chintan, an environmental research and action group. Mukherjee said registration of ragpickers, giving them contracts for door-to-door collection and allotment of space for waste segregation would lead to a “definitive change”.
		+	=See also=
		+	[[Delhi: waste management]]
		+
		+	[[Category:Environment and pollution\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]
		+	[[Category:India\|W WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIAWASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA
		+	WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT: INDIA]]