http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru 2026-09-04T12:53:37Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.19.2 http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=136371&oldid=prev 2025-05-25T08:11:20Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Budhni Manjhiyain, his “tribal wife”</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 08:11, 25 May 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 412:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 412:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Local politicians have demanded a memorial for Budhni next to an existing statue of Nehru at a park in Panchet, near Dhanbad</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Local politicians have demanded a memorial for Budhni next to an existing statue of Nehru at a park in Panchet, near Dhanbad</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biography|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Last visit to Pahalgam==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]</del>]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//indianexpress</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/article/explained/explained-history/nehru-pahalgam-first-pm-visit-to-jk-10015774/ Shyamlal Yadav, May 21, 2025: ''The Indian Express''</ins>]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:China<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' Nehru travelled to Pahalgam with his daughter Indira Gandhi in June 1963, at a time when his political difficulties were mounting and his health was failing. He was on vacation, but he did some political work as well ''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Defence|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Foreign Relations|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pahalgam, where terrorists backed by Pakistan killed 26 innocent civilians last month, provoking India’s Operation Sindoor, has an interesting connection with Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the nation’s first Prime Minister.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Government|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Eleven months before his demise in May 1964, Nehru spent 10 days on holiday at this beautiful tourist site in Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by his daughter Indira Gandhi. This was Nehru’s last holiday.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:History|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pahalgam was already a favoured retreat for tourists at the time. Accessible by road even before Independence, it attracted both Europeans and Indians. In his 1943 book Kashmir</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Playground of Asia, Sachchidananda Sinha wrote glowingly of Pahalgam, unmatched for its “grand mountain scenery, transport facilities, camping, fishing, and bracing climate”.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Category:</del>India<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sinha also mentioned Baisaran, a two-mile trek through pine forests, the valley where the Pakistan-backed terrorists struck on April 22.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' A vacation, and some political work '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru’s retreat in June 1963 came at a tumultuous time, as the Prime Minister grappled with mounting political challenges, his deteriorating health, and the aftermath of the 1962 war with </ins>China.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru reached Srinagar on June 18, 1963. He was accompanied by Indira and his two grandsons, Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi, then 18 and 16 years old respectively</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The family stayed at the Guest House Chashme Shahi in Srinagar. On the morning that he reached Srinagar, Nehru held a meeting over tea at the Guest House with state Ministers, the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the state Assembly, and the Legislative Council Chairman.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While in Srinagar, Nehru addressed workers of the National Conference. The Prime Minister said that a China-Pakistan alliance would not be helpful in Kashmir for Pakistan</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">From Srinagar, Nehru went to Pahalgam, about 90 km away. There, the Prime Minister mostly stayed away from political activities</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">However, on June 21, Nehru wrote to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, assuring him that certain rumours circulating at the time that he (Reddy) would be removed from his post, were baseless. Nehru wrote to Reddy that he was sorry for the rumours</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru also had a meeting in Pahalgam with Biju Patnaik, the Chief Minister of Orissa (Odisha), who met him there on June 24, apparently to discuss a planned reshuffle of the Cabinet.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On June 26, Nehru visited the Aru valley, about 12 km from Pahalgam. He also visited the Kolahoi Glacier, the main source of the Lidder river, the tributary of the Jhelum that flows through Pahalgam.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru returned to Delhi on June 28, The Indian Express reported in its edition dated June 29, 1963.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In Srinagar, Sadr-e-Riyasat Dr Karan Singh and Jammu and Kashmir Prime Minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad saw him off. In Delhi, the PM was welcomed at the airport by dignitaries including Finance Minister Morarji Desai, Home Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Food and Agriculture Minister S K Patil, Scientific Research and Culture Minister Humayun Kabir, and Cabinet Secretary S S Khera.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' A difficult time for Nehru '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Even as Nehru was away in Jammu and Kashmir, his political difficulties were mounting. Things got worse after he returned.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On June 26, when he was in Jammu and Kashmir, his Minister for Irrigation and Power Hafiz Mohammad Ibrahim and Minister for Mines K D Malaviya had resigned. Upon landing at Delhi’s Palam Airport, Nehru was asked by reporters about the resignations and the impact on his Cabinet.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru replied, “Steps have been taken to manage the portfolios of the resigned ministers. Nobody is in a hurry at present </ins>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for an expansion of the Cabinet].”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In January-February 1962, Nehru’s Congress party had secured a third term in power, winning 361 out of 494 seats in Lok Sabha. However, the </ins>India<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-China war later that year was a major setback for the Prime Minister, which compounded his struggles with his health</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In August 1963, his government faced its first no-confidence motion, moved by Gandhian and former Congress chief J B Kripalani.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Amid concerns about his legacy and succession, Nehru initiated the Kamaraj Plan in September 1963, proposed by K Kamaraj. 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Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=134528&oldid=prev 2025-01-07T18:34:40Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">On reservations</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:34, 7 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 327:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 327:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Letters to Chief Ministers=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Letters to Chief Ministers=</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==On reservations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==On reservations==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/kharge-modi-nehrus-letter-reservation-9728184/&#160; Yashee, Dec 18, 2024: ''The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Times of India</del>'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/kharge-modi-nehrus-letter-reservation-9728184/&#160; Yashee, Dec 18, 2024: ''The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Indian Express</ins>'']</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>''' Nehru’s letters to Chief Ministers '''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>''' Nehru’s letters to Chief Ministers '''</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 353:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 354:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>While the Constitution made provisions for reservation for seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in Legislature, in 1950, under Nehru, they were provided a quota in government jobs of 12.5% and 5% respectively.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>While the Constitution made provisions for reservation for seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in Legislature, in 1950, under Nehru, they were provided a quota in government jobs of 12.5% and 5% respectively.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. 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Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=134527&oldid=prev 2025-01-07T18:31:02Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ideology</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:31, 7 January 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 322:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 322:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Both Nehru and Iqbal were partly right in their prediction of India’s future. Nehru foresaw that following Iqbal’s suggestions for constitutional transformation to preserve religious doctrines would kickstart a cycle of “heresy hunts, ex-communication, punishment for apostasy, and a general suppression”. On the other hand, Iqbal may have raised a valid point that secular nationalism of the Nehruvian variety would ultimately fail to satisfy India’s minorities — or indeed its other communities either. Instead, it would lead to continuous bouts of violence and eventually, for better or worse, to separation.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Both Nehru and Iqbal were partly right in their prediction of India’s future. Nehru foresaw that following Iqbal’s suggestions for constitutional transformation to preserve religious doctrines would kickstart a cycle of “heresy hunts, ex-communication, punishment for apostasy, and a general suppression”. On the other hand, Iqbal may have raised a valid point that secular nationalism of the Nehruvian variety would ultimately fail to satisfy India’s minorities — or indeed its other communities either. Instead, it would lead to continuous bouts of violence and eventually, for better or worse, to separation.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Tripurdaman Singh and Adeel Hussain are co-authors of the forthcoming book ''' Nehru: The Debates that Defined India '''&#160; ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Tripurdaman Singh and Adeel Hussain are co-authors of the forthcoming book ''' Nehru: The Debates that Defined India '''&#160; ''</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=Letters to Chief Ministers=</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==On reservations==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/kharge-modi-nehrus-letter-reservation-9728184/&#160; Yashee, Dec 18, 2024: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' Nehru’s letters to Chief Ministers '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As Prime Minister, Nehru was in the habit of writing fortnightly letters to Chief Ministers, generally on the first and 15th of each month. This was a practice he began soon after Independence, and continued till a few months before his death. He explained the reason for doing so thus in 1947, “It is in times of exceptional stress like the present that it is more than ordinarily incumbent on us to keep in close touch with each other, so that we can put forth concerted efforts to overcome the grave dangers facing us.” Nehru wrote about 400 such letters, and they shed a light on his views on a wide variety of issues.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">When the Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund collected and published the letters in 1985, a foreword was written by Rajiv Gandhi. He wrote, “Jawaharlal Nehru, as the first Prime Minister, was convinced that the task of building institutions and conventions, so vital in a democracy, demanded that he share with his colleagues his reasons for whatever decisions he took and courses of action he pursued. Change through consent and greater social justice were the theme songs of Panditji’s prime ministership…These fortnightly letters have long been regarded as a basic text in nation-building and in open statecraft.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' What did Nehru’s letter about reservations say? '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In a letter dated June 27, 1961, Nehru wrote about the need for efficiency and of “getting out of our traditional ruts.” This, he wrote, “necessitates our getting out of the old habit of reservations and particular privileges being given to this caste or that group. The recent meeting we held here, at which the Chief Ministers were present, to consider national integration, laid down that help should be given on economic considerations and not on caste. It is true that we are tied up with certain rules and conventions about helping the scheduled castes and tribes. They deserve help but, even so, I dislike any Kind of reservation, more particularly in Services.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">He continued, “I react strongly against anything which leads to</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inefficiency and second-rate standards. I want my country to be a first class country in everything. The moment we encourage the second-rate, we are lost. The only real way to help a backward group is to give opportunities of good education, this includes technical education which is becoming more and more important. Everything else is provision of some kind of crutches which do not add to the strength or health of the body.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">About efforts made to ensure “good education”, he wrote, “We have made recently two decisions which are very important: one is, universal free elementary education, that is the base; and the second is scholarships on a very wide scale at every grade of education to the bright boys and girls, and this applies not merely to literary education, but, much more so, to technical, scientific and medical training. I lay stress on the bright and able boys and girls because it is only they who will raise our standards.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">He added, “I have no doubt that there is a vast reservoir of potential talent in this country if only we can give it opportunity. But if we go in for reservations on communal and caste basis, we swamp the bright and able people and remain second-rate or third-rate. I am grieved to learn of how far this business of reservation has gone based on communal considerations. It has amazed me to learn that even promotions are based sometimes on communal or caste considerations. This way lies not only folly, but disaster. Let us help the backward groups by all means, but never at the cost of efficiency.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' What policy did Nehru’s government implement on reservation? '''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The views in this letter notwithstanding, Nehru’s government did not implement policies to take away or dilute the provision of reservations. In fact, Nehru had said, “Frankly, I would like to put an end to reservations but in the present state of affairs in India it would not be a desirable thing to do with regards to the Scheduled Castes.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Also, the Constituent Assembly had debated reservations vigorously, in which Nehru did not oppose them.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">While the Constitution made provisions for reservation for seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in Legislature, in 1950, under Nehru, they were provided a quota in government jobs of 12.5% and 5% respectively.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. 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Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=129261&oldid=prev 2023-12-07T23:51:49Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Personal life</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 23:51, 7 December 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 327:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 327:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Personal life=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Personal life=</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Budhni Manjhiyain, his “tribal wife”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Budhni Manjhiyain, his “tribal wife”<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ostracised-for-life-nehrus-tribal-wife-passes-away/articleshow/105365924.cms&#160; Anil Ashutosh TNN, Nov 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ostracised-for-life-nehrus-tribal-wife-passes-away/articleshow/105365924.cms&#160; Anil Ashutosh TNN, Nov 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File: “Nehru’s tribal wife”.jpg|“Nehru’s tribal wife” &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ostracised-for-life-nehrus-tribal-wife-passes-away/articleshow/105365924.cms&#160; Anil Ashutosh TNN, Nov 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File: “Nehru’s tribal wife”.jpg|“Nehru’s tribal wife” &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ostracised-for-life-nehrus-tribal-wife-passes-away/articleshow/105365924.cms&#160; Anil Ashutosh TNN, Nov 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Dhanbad : Calls have rung out from a Jharkhand pocket for a monument to “Nehru’s tribal wife”, a Santhali named Budhni Manjhiyain who died three days ago at 80 after being ostracised for years by her tribe as then PM Jawaharlal Nehru had garlanded her at a dam’s inauguration in 1959 when she was 16 and a project worker.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Dhanbad : Calls have rung out from a Jharkhand pocket for a monument to “Nehru’s tribal wife”, a Santhali named Budhni Manjhiyain who died three days ago at 80 after being ostracised for years by her tribe as then PM Jawaharlal Nehru had garlanded her at a dam’s inauguration in 1959 when she was 16 and a project worker.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 362:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 363:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:India|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. 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Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=129259&oldid=prev 2023-12-07T23:48:27Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ideology</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 23:48, 7 December 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 325:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 325:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Tripurdaman Singh and Adeel Hussain are co-authors of the forthcoming book ''' Nehru: The Debates that Defined India '''&#160; ''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'' Tripurdaman Singh and Adeel Hussain are co-authors of the forthcoming book ''' Nehru: The Debates that Defined India '''&#160; ''</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=Personal life=</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Budhni Manjhiyain, his “tribal wife”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ostracised-for-life-nehrus-tribal-wife-passes-away/articleshow/105365924.cms&#160; Anil Ashutosh TNN, Nov 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: “Nehru’s tribal wife”.jpg|“Nehru’s tribal wife” &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ostracised-for-life-nehrus-tribal-wife-passes-away/articleshow/105365924.cms&#160; Anil Ashutosh TNN, Nov 21, 2023: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dhanbad : Calls have rung out from a Jharkhand pocket for a monument to “Nehru’s tribal wife”, a Santhali named Budhni Manjhiyain who died three days ago at 80 after being ostracised for years by her tribe as then PM Jawaharlal Nehru had garlanded her at a dam’s inauguration in 1959 when she was 16 and a project worker.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
The garland placed respectfully by Nehru at the inauguration of the Panchet Dam — now near Dhanbad — became a millstone for Budhni for much of her life as the Santhal tribals considered the gesture a “marriage” . She became an outcast for “marrying outside her community, particularly a non-tribal”, and was denied entry into her hamlet.
The turbulent tale came full circle November 17 when Budhni died in a shack in Panchet where she lived with her daughter Ratna. Hundreds, including local politicians and officials, descended to give a farewell to what many there described as “the first tribal wife of the first PM of the country”. It was then that they sought a memorial in her honour, next to an existing statue of Nehru in a local park. They also demanded pension for Ratna (60).</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
Bhairav Mandal, the chief of Panchet panchayat, and others have written to the DVC management about the memorial and a house for Ratna in the local DVC colony. DVC is Damodar Valley Corporation, the PSU under which the dam was built and functions.
Sumesh Kumar, deputy chief engineer of DVC at Panchet, said no decision on the memorial or the other demands had been taken so far.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
Like the devastating Damodar, the eddies of Budhni’s life began in 1952 when her ancestral land was submerged during the construction of the dam. But she managed to stay afloat, becoming one of the first contract labourers in the project as she had no source of income other than land.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">
Then, at the inauguration on December 5, 1959, troubles started anew with Nehru’s garlanding. The DVC management had selected Budhni along with Ravan Manjhi, a Santhali man, to welcome the Prime Minister. Local lore has it that Budhni pressed the button to get the dam going.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 1962, Budhni was retrenched along with scores of other DVC contract workers. She moved to Saltora in neighbouring Bengal’s Purulia and toiled as a daily-wager. There, Budhni met Sudhir Dutta, a contract worker in a colliery who gave her shelter and later married her.
</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After Rajiv Gandhi visited Asansol in Bengal as PM in 1985, a local Congress leader got Budhni to meet him and she narrated her ordeal. After that, Budhni was provided a job in the DVC, from where she retired in 2005.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Local politicians have demanded a memorial for Budhni next to an existing statue of Nehru at a park in Panchet, near Dhanbad</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Biography|NPT. 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Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=124977&oldid=prev 2023-04-29T16:57:17Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Foreign relations</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 16:57, 29 April 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 263:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 263:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Are there any lessons India of 2021 can learn from Nehru’s dealings with China in the 1950s and 1960s? Bhasin says, “The situation over the years has become too complicated. The past has ceased to be relevant to the present. In my opinion, the people need to be educated of the correct position of the borders that existed in the past so that the vested interest, which indulges in motivated debates and leaves the T.V driven public more confused than ever, making the settlement of even smaller issues impossible, are enabled to take an informed and independent view of the situation. A people fully armed with facts are an asset otherwise they are a liability and force the government’s hands into directions that often are unwarranted. Throw open all the archives and let the truth come out.”</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Are there any lessons India of 2021 can learn from Nehru’s dealings with China in the 1950s and 1960s? Bhasin says, “The situation over the years has become too complicated. The past has ceased to be relevant to the present. In my opinion, the people need to be educated of the correct position of the borders that existed in the past so that the vested interest, which indulges in motivated debates and leaves the T.V driven public more confused than ever, making the settlement of even smaller issues impossible, are enabled to take an informed and independent view of the situation. A people fully armed with facts are an asset otherwise they are a liability and force the government’s hands into directions that often are unwarranted. Throw open all the archives and let the truth come out.”</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:China|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Defence|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Foreign Relations|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:History|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biography|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=Hinduness=</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]</del>]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Sudheendra Kulkarni’s evidence==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">China|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//indianexpress</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/article/opinion/columns/forgotten-hinduness-of-jawaharlal-nehru-8563374/&#160; Sudheendra Kulkarni, April 20, 2023: ''The Indian Express''</ins>]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Defence|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A friend of mine, who teaches at a Delhi college, said the BJP’s centralised system of social media communication is super-efficient in spreading misinformation. “A message sent from Delhi goes viral nationwide through thousands of WhatsApp groups.” For example, he said, “I once asked people in my village in Bihar to name the leader who is supposed to have said ‘I am an Englishman by education, Muslim by culture and Hindu only by accident’. Pat came the answer</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">‘Nehru</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">’”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Foreign Relations|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Hindu Mahasabha, a foe of India’s first prime minister, first popularised this line in 1950 — “Nehru is an Englishman by education, Muslim by culture and Hindu only by accident</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">” Subsequently, his haters attributed it to him so as to make it sound authentic. The deliberate misattribution received renewed traction when Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath, speaking at an election rally early last year, took a dig at Rahul Gandhi saying, “People whose ancestors called themselves ‘accidental Hindus’ cannot call themselves Hindus.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Government|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s followers have mounted a systematic campaign to project Jawaharlal Nehru as someone who was not only a non-Hindu but also anti-Hindu. Maligning his sterling contribution to India’s freedom struggle and to the building of a modern India in the post-1947 era is one part of this campaign. The other is to erase his name from national memory. In the official celebration of the 75th anniversary of India’s Independence, images of our longest-serving prime minister were mostly missing. In comparison, Sardar Patel and Savarkar received far greater prominence</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">History|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But was Nehru really anti-Hindu? Any truthful study of his life would expose this canard. Each of his three seminal books — Glimpses of World History (1934), An Autobiography (1936), The Discovery of India (1946) — is a classic, written when he was in jail. (Imprisoned 14 times by the British, he spent 3,259 days behind bars.) And all his works, including the voluminous collection of his speeches, articles and letters (his fortnightly letters to chief ministers alone fill five thick volumes) are filled with his deep pride in the universal and integrationist character of India’s ancient Hindu civilisation, which he believed was enriched by Islam and other external influences</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India|NPT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PT</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">His writings offer a flood of evidence of his love and reverence for the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita; for the wisdom of our rishis in the Vedas, Upanishads and other scriptures; for the richness of Sanskrit language; for all the saints, poets and social reformers of the Bhakti era; and for Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Swami Vivekananda, Maharshi Aurobindo and other great exponents of Hindu philosophy who contributed to national awakening in modern times. His abiding respect for his mentor Mahatma Gandhi, whose principal source of guidance were the teachings of Hinduism, is well known</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru was not a temple-hopping Hindu. But he had profound interest in Hindu spirituality and mysticism, which intensified as he grew older. His description of the Himalayas and Ganga, which he regarded as the cradles of Indian civilisation, moves us with its divine romanticism. He was a devotee of Mata Anandamayi, who was also revered by his wife Kamala and daughter Indira. S Radhakrishnan, President of India (1962-67) and author of many acclaimed books on Hindu philosophy, has revealed that Nehru, in the last years of his life, used to frequently meet him for discussions on the Upanishads</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nehru was a man in a hurry to modernise India. “There is, however, another face of Nehru which places him, even if indirectly, among the proponents of Hindu civilisation,” writes Girilal Jain, former chief editor of The Times of India, in his acclaimed book The Hindu Phenomenon. (Incidentally, this book, published in 1994, predicted the BJP’s rise and eclipse of the Congress.) Recurrently extolling the Vedantic view of life, Nehru stressed that material development without moral and spiritual development would be ruinous for humanity. He was not a blind believer in modernisation, and never equated it with westernisation. He wanted India to progress rapidly by mastering modern science and technology, which in his time necessarily had to be learnt from the West. But he was deeply aware of the severe limitations of the violence-inducing western models of development — both capitalist and communist — and their unsuitability to India. He tirelessly emphasised that India must give up outdated customs and traditions such as untouchability, caste discrimination and injustice to women. He was also against the purdah system among Muslim women. Nevertheless, he cautioned against berating everything in Indian culture, which he said was the surest way of becoming rootless</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In this, we can see a remarkable congruence between his worldview and that of some of the leading Hindu thinkers of the R S S and the Jana Sangh in his time. For example, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s treatise “Integral Humanism”, which the BJP regards as its ideological guide, echoes Nehru’s thinking about eschewing both capitalism and communism, and pursuing an essentially Indian and holistic path of development. Like Nehru, Upadhyaya also advocates pride in what is good in our ancient culture and readiness to root out the bad in it. He writes</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“We have taken due note of our ancient culture</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But we are no archeologists. We have no intention of becoming the custodians of a vast archeological museum… We shall have to end a number of traditions and set in reforms which are helpful in the development of values and of national unity in our society.”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There were, of course, some serious differences between Nehru and his critics in the R S S, Jana Sangh and pre-Modi BJP. These cannot be glossed over. But there was none of the crude and venomous vilification of Nehru that we see now. When he passed away in May 1964, Atal Bihari Vajpayee paid a rich tribute in Parliament saying “Mother India is in mourning as her beloved Prince has gone to sleep”. Comparing Nehru to Ram, Vajpayee said, “In Panditji’s life, we get a glimpse of the noble sentiments found in the saga of Valmiki”. Like Ram, Nehru was “the orchestrator of the impossible and inconceivable…That strength of personality, that vibrancy and independence of mind, that quality of being able to befriend the opponent and enemy, that gentlemanliness, that greatness − this will not perhaps be found in the future.” ‘Guruji’ Golwalkar, second chief of the R S S, penned a heartfelt homage praising Nehru’s patriotism and lofty idealism and hailing him as a “great son of Mother India”. Once, when Golwalkar was addressing a training camp for R S S swayamsevaks, a participant harshly criticised Nehru. This displeased him so much that he not only reprimanded that Swayamsevak but also asked him to leave the camp immediately. L K Advani often praised Nehru for laying a robust foundation of parliamentary democracy in India. Also, in his blog in 2013, Advani argued that “Nehru’s secularism was based on Hindu foundations”</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Similarly, there is evidence to show that Nehru had begun to reassess the R S S and Jana Sangh after the debacle in China’s war of aggression in 1962, which hastened his demise. In an interaction with a group of journalists a few weeks before his death, a correspondent of The Patriot (a pro-communist newspaper) made a derisive comment on the Jana Sangh, calling it an “anti-national party”. Nehru immediately stopped him with a retort</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“No, Jana Sangh is a patriotic party</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">”</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Unfortunately, Nehru’s Hinduness is now forgotten by both the Congress and the Sangh Parivar. Instead, they constantly harp on their mutual differences. They would do well to remember, however, that a unique quality that has sustained Indian civilisation through ages is its ability to achieve samanvay — reconciling the seeming opposites — and creating a new synthesis. 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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>PT<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del>JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Government|NPT. 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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>PT<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del>JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Ideology=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=Ideology=</div></td></tr> </table>

Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=124821&oldid=prev 2023-04-19T12:00:49Z

<p>Pdewan moved page <a href="/ind/index.php?title=Pt._Jawaharlal_Nehru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (page does not exist)">Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru</a> to <a href="/ind/index.php/Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Pt Jawaharlal Nehru">Pt Jawaharlal Nehru</a> without leaving a redirect</p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='1' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 12:00, 19 April 2023</td> </tr></table>

Pdewan http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=122133&oldid=prev 2022-12-10T21:27:31Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Details</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:27, 10 December 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 89:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 89:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/unique-bond-of-nehru-edwina-and-lord-mountbatten-8267933/. Yashee, November&#160; 16, 2022: The Indian Express]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/unique-bond-of-nehru-edwina-and-lord-mountbatten-8267933/. Yashee, November&#160; 16, 2022: The Indian Express]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File: This rare 1947 photograph provided by the Ministry of Defence shows Lord Mountbatten, Edwina Mountbatten and Jawaharlal Nehru at the first Independence Day celebrations in New Delhi. (Express Archive).jpg|This rare 1947 photograph provided by the Ministry of Defence shows Lord Mountbatten, Edwina Mountbatten and Jawaharlal Nehru at the first Independence Day celebrations in New Delhi. (Express Archive) &lt;br/&gt; From: [https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/unique-bond-of-nehru-edwina-and-lord-mountbatten-8267933/. Yashee, November&#160; 16, 2022: The Indian Express]|frame|500px]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The ties between Nehru and the Mountbatten couple, which their daughter Pamela described as a “happy three-some”, has been dealt with at great length in various books, including Alex von Tunzelmann’s ‘Indian Summer’ (2007). The picture that emerges is of a relationship of deep love and respect, and one that cast an indelible imprint on how independent India took shape.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The ties between Nehru and the Mountbatten couple, which their daughter Pamela described as a “happy three-some”, has been dealt with at great length in various books, including Alex von Tunzelmann’s ‘Indian Summer’ (2007). The picture that emerges is of a relationship of deep love and respect, and one that cast an indelible imprint on how independent India took shape.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 129:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 130:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When Edwina, as Countess Mountbatten, died in 1960 in Indonesia, a pile of letters were found at her bedside table — they were all from Jawaharlal Nehru.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When Edwina, as Countess Mountbatten, died in 1960 in Indonesia, a pile of letters were found at her bedside table — they were all from Jawaharlal Nehru.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:China|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Defence|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Foreign Relations|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Government|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:History|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td></tr> </table>

Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=122132&oldid=prev 2022-12-10T21:25:55Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Details</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:25, 10 December 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 87:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 87:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===Details===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===Details===</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/unique-bond-of-nehru-edwina-and-lord-mountbatten-8267933/. Yashee, November&#160; 16, 2022: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> ‘’The </del>Indian <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Express’’</del>]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/unique-bond-of-nehru-edwina-and-lord-mountbatten-8267933/. Yashee, November&#160; 16, 2022: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </ins>Indian <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Express</ins>]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 129:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 129:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When Edwina, as Countess Mountbatten, died in 1960 in Indonesia, a pile of letters were found at her bedside table — they were all from Jawaharlal Nehru.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When Edwina, as Countess Mountbatten, died in 1960 in Indonesia, a pile of letters were found at her bedside table — they were all from Jawaharlal Nehru.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:China|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Defence|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Foreign Relations|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. 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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:India|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Biography|NPT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU</div></td></tr> </table>

Jyoti http://www.indpaedia.com/ind/index.php?title=Pt_Jawaharlal_Nehru&diff=122131&oldid=prev 2022-12-10T21:24:58Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Details</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 21:24, 10 December 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 92:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 92:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The ties between Nehru and the Mountbatten couple, which their daughter Pamela described as a “happy three-some”, has been dealt with at great length in various books, including Alex von Tunzelmann’s ‘Indian Summer’ (2007). The picture that emerges is of a relationship of deep love and respect, and one that cast an indelible imprint on how independent India took shape.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The ties between Nehru and the Mountbatten couple, which their daughter Pamela described as a “happy three-some”, has been dealt with at great length in various books, including Alex von Tunzelmann’s ‘Indian Summer’ (2007). The picture that emerges is of a relationship of deep love and respect, and one that cast an indelible imprint on how independent India took shape.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">‘’’How </del>they came <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">close’’’</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How </ins>they came <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">close</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In May 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru was invited to Mashobra in Simla by Viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten and Lady Edwina Mountbatten for an ‘informal weekend’.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In May 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru was invited to Mashobra in Simla by Viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten and Lady Edwina Mountbatten for an ‘informal weekend’.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 129:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 129:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When Edwina, as Countess Mountbatten, died in 1960 in Indonesia, a pile of letters were found at her bedside table — they were all from Jawaharlal Nehru.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>When Edwina, as Countess Mountbatten, died in 1960 in Indonesia, a pile of letters were found at her bedside table — they were all from Jawaharlal Nehru.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Biography|NPT. 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Jyoti