Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Biography - Revision history

Jyoti at 11:12, 22 August 2023

2023-08-22T11:12:37Z

Jyoti: /* Women's regiment */

2023-02-05T06:37:53Z

‎Women's regiment

Jyoti at 06:37, 5 February 2023

2023-02-05T06:37:24Z

Jyoti: /* The Times of India’s reports on Netaji */

2023-02-03T16:44:17Z

‎The Times of India’s reports on Netaji

Pdewan: /* The death of a hero */

2023-01-23T17:20:01Z

‎The death of a hero

Jyoti at 06:29, 28 January 2019

2019-01-28T06:29:53Z

Jyoti at 17:30, 27 January 2019

2019-01-27T17:30:52Z

Pdewan: /* The Times of India’s reports on Netaji */

2016-09-01T21:06:25Z

‎The Times of India’s reports on Netaji

Pdewan: /* See also */

2016-08-29T11:14:51Z

‎See also

Jyoti: /* Women's regiment */

2016-06-27T20:35:40Z

‎Women's regiment

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 =Women's regiment=
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 NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
 [[Category:Pages with broken file links|NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
 NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:37, 5 February 2023
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	On record, Turkey is the first country to allow a woman to fly a fighter plane. In 1937, former Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's adopted daughter Sabiha Gokcen became the world's first combat pilot when she took part in the military operation against the Dersim rebellion. In 1989, Dee Brasseur and Jane Foster qualified as the first female fighter pilots of the Canadian air force. In 1993, Jeannie Leavitt became the first female combat pilot of the American air force. In 2012, Leavitt became the world's first female wing commander of any major air force when she was promoted to command 5,000 airmen at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina. In 2013, China, too, inducted 16 female fighter pilots in its air force. On Saturday, the Indian Air Force formally commissioned its first women fighter pilots with the induction of Bhawana Kanth, Avani Chaturvedi and Mohana Singh.		On record, Turkey is the first country to allow a woman to fly a fighter plane. In 1937, former Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's adopted daughter Sabiha Gokcen became the world's first combat pilot when she took part in the military operation against the Dersim rebellion. In 1989, Dee Brasseur and Jane Foster qualified as the first female fighter pilots of the Canadian air force. In 1993, Jeannie Leavitt became the first female combat pilot of the American air force. In 2012, Leavitt became the world's first female wing commander of any major air force when she was promoted to command 5,000 airmen at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina. In 2013, China, too, inducted 16 female fighter pilots in its air force. On Saturday, the Indian Air Force formally commissioned its first women fighter pilots with the induction of Bhawana Kanth, Avani Chaturvedi and Mohana Singh.
		+
		+	=Personal life=
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/my-mother-played-second-fiddle-suffered-says-netajis-daughter/articleshow/97238689.cms Srirupa Ray , January 24, 2023: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: Emilie Schenkl with Anita Bose Pfaff.jpg\|Emilie Schenkl with Anita Bose Pfaff <br/> From: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/my-mother-played-second-fiddle-suffered-says-netajis-daughter/articleshow/97238689.cms Srirupa Ray , January 24, 2023: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+	KOLKATA: Emilie Schenkl led a tough life even as her husband, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, remained engaged in his quest for India’s freedom, said their daughter Anita Bose Pfaff.
		+
		+	In an exclusive conversation with TOI on the eve of Netaji’s 126th birth anniversary, Bose Pfaff said: “His first and foremost, and almost only, interest was his fight for his country’s freedom. My mother had to suffer because of this as she always had to play second fiddle. Whatever time they got together could only be sort of taken away from his first and most important love that was his country.”
		+
		+	“At that time, it was not uncommon in my generation — and in Europe, where I lived — for children my age to grow up without a father, because I was born during World War II. In my generation, there were a number of children whose fathers had been soldiers and either got killed or became a prisoner of war,” said the Austria-born economist. Now 80, Bose Pfaff recalls growing up without her father around. “You had many single mothers, fending for themselves and their children at the time. I wished I had a father who was there and who would care for me. I had my mother and maternal grandmother, who certainly did very much for me. I was taken care of well. But, of course, one misses a father too, particularly as a teenager as one grows up and sort of breaks away from the parents.”
		+
		+	Schenkl would tell her stories about Netaji’s escapades, how they worked together when she was his secretary, and the little time they spent with each other. “My father saw me when I was four weeks old, I do not remember that. My mother over the years told some stories about him,” Bose Pfaff said.
		+
		+	“One story I can recall was when my father was in Vienna in the 1930s. The Prince of Wal-es, the later King, was visiting Vienna and my father was considered a dangerous person. Police shadowed him and he took the opportunity to drag them through the woods during a not-so-nice weather period. He was very fond of walking and so his shadows had to follow him all th-rough woods. He eventually returned to the city and dashed for a tram, hopped onto it and my mother was with him,” shesaid.
		+
		+	Bose Pfaff believes her father died in the plane crash in Taiwan on August 18, 1945. Last year, she petitioned the Centre for a DNA test to be conducted on the ashes preserved at Renkoji Temple in Japan which she believes are her father’s remains.
		+
		+	[[Category:Biography\|B NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
		+	NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
		+	[[Category:History\|B NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
		+	NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
		+	[[Category:India\|B NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
		+	NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
		+	[[Category:Pages with broken file links\|NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHYNETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
		+	NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]

	='INA Treasure'=		='INA Treasure'=

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File: bose Nehru bajaj.jpg| Subhas Chandra Bose, Jamnalal Bajaj and Jawaharlal Nehru.|frame|500px]]
 [[File: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, his life in a nutshell.jpg|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: His life in a nutshell; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Gallery.aspx?id=24_01_2016_021_018_008&type=P&artUrl=Kudos-to-PM-big-leap-for-transparency-Activists-24012016021018&eid=31808 ''The Times of India''], January 24, 2016|frame|500px]]
 [[File: Congress Session.jpg|Congress Session: Outgoing President of Indian National Congress (INC) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right in white cap) takes part in a tea party with new President of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose (centre in white cap) and Mrs Sarojini Naidu during Congress Session at Vitthal Nagar in Haripura on February 27, 1938. (BCCL) <br/> From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
@@ Line 6: / Line 7: @@
 [[File: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, one of the most prominent and highly respected leaders of the Indian independence movement, getting down from a German airlines plane, on February 06, 1938. (BCCL).jpg|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, one of the most prominent and highly respected leaders of the Indian independence movement, getting down from a German airlines plane, on February 06, 1938. (BCCL) <br/> From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
-[[File: A 1940s' file picture of firebrand nationalist and freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (centre sitting) with members of Indian National Army (INA) aka Azad Hind Fauj at a meeting in Bombay. (BCCL).jpg|A 1940s' file picture of firebrand nationalist and freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (centre sitting) with members of Indian National Army (INA) aka Azad Hind Fauj at a meeting in Bombay. (BCCL) <br/> From: From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]|frame|500px]]
+[[File: A 1940s' file picture of firebrand nationalist and freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (centre sitting) with members of Indian National Army (INA) aka Azad Hind Fauj at a meeting in Bombay. (BCCL).jpg|A 1940s' file picture of firebrand nationalist and freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (centre sitting) with members of Indian National Army (INA) aka Azad Hind Fauj at a meeting in Bombay. (BCCL) <br/> From: From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
-[[File: Revolutionary freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (standing), addressing National Planning Committee (NPC) in Bombay on December 17, 1938. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (left) and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right) are also seen. (BCCL).jpg|Revolutionary freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (standing), addressing National Planning Committee (NPC) in Bombay on December 17, 1938. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (left) and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right) are also seen. (BCCL) <br/> From: From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]|frame|500px]]
+[[File: Revolutionary freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (standing), addressing National Planning Committee (NPC) in Bombay on December 17, 1938. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (left) and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right) are also seen. (BCCL).jpg|Revolutionary freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (standing), addressing National Planning Committee (NPC) in Bombay on December 17, 1938. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (left) and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right) are also seen. (BCCL) <br/> From: From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms   ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
 {| class="wikitable"
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 |}
-[[Category:India |B ]]
-[[Category:History |B ]]
-[[Category:Biography |B ]]
 =Women's regiment=
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 [[Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army)]]

@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
-[[Category:Biography|B
+=Vignettes=
 NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
-[[Category:History|B
+[[Category:History|B NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
 NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
-[[Category:India|B
+[[Category:India|B NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY
 NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
 =See also=

@@ Line 269: / Line 269: @@
 Report May 11, 1945
-* Immediately after taking off, the airplane in which he (Bose) rode fell to the ground, and he was wounded: Report
+[[Category:Biography|B
+NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
-* 'Bose, wrapped up in flames, got off the plane'
+[[Category:History|B
+NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
-LONDON: A classified 60-year-old Japanese government document on Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's death made public in September 2016 clearly concludes that the legendary freedom fighter died in a plane crash in Taiwan on August 18, 1945, backing the official version.
+[[Category:India|B
+NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
-Bosefiles.info, a UK website set up to document evidence on the circumstances surrounding Netaji's death, said this is the first time the report titled 'Investigation on the cause of death and other matters of the late Subhas Chandra Bose' has been made public because it remained classified by Japanese authorities and was kept a secret by the Indian government.
+[[Category:Pages with broken file links|NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE: BIOGRAPHY]]
-−
-"The report was completed in January 1956 and submitted to the Indian embassy in Tokyo, but since it was a classified document, neither side released it," the website says.
-−
-The seven-page report in Japanese and a 10-page translation in English reaches the conclusion that Netaji met with an air crash on 18 August, 1945 and died at a Taipei hospital the same evening.
-−
-"Immediately after taking off, the airplane in which he (Bose) rode fell to the ground, and he was wounded," the report notes in its 'Outline of the result of the investigation'.
-−
-It further records that at "about 3pm he entered the Nanmon Branch of Taipei Army Hospital"; and that at "about 7pm he died".
-−
-The findings also state that on "August 22, he was cremated (at the Taipei Municipal crematorium)".
-−
-In a more detailed description of the incident, the report says: "After the plane had taken off and risen about 20 metres above the ground, one petal of the three-petaled propeller of the left wing was suddenly broken, and the engine fell off.
-−
-"The airplane, subsequently unbalanced, crashed into ballast piles, beside the strip of the airport" and "was wrapped in flames in a moment.
-−
-"Bose, wrapped up in flames, got off the plane; Adjutant Rahmin (Colonel Habibur Rehman) and other passengers exerted themselves to take his clothes off... his whole body was seriously wounded by burns."
-−
-The Japanese government report on the death of Netaji, who was 48 years old then, backs the Shah Nawaz Khan-led inquiry instituted by the then Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru, which had investigated the matter later in 1956, according to a press release issued by the website.
 =See also=

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:29, 28 January 2019
Line 4:		Line 4:
	[[File: Congress Session.jpg\|Congress Session: Outgoing President of Indian National Congress (INC) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right in white cap) takes part in a tea party with new President of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose (centre in white cap) and Mrs Sarojini Naidu during Congress Session at Vitthal Nagar in Haripura on February 27, 1938. (BCCL) <br/> From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]		[[File: Congress Session.jpg\|Congress Session: Outgoing President of Indian National Congress (INC) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right in white cap) takes part in a tea party with new President of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose (centre in white cap) and Mrs Sarojini Naidu during Congress Session at Vitthal Nagar in Haripura on February 27, 1938. (BCCL) <br/> From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]

		+	[[File: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, one of the most prominent and highly respected leaders of the Indian independence movement, getting down from a German airlines plane, on February 06, 1938. (BCCL).jpg\|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, one of the most prominent and highly respected leaders of the Indian independence movement, getting down from a German airlines plane, on February 06, 1938. (BCCL) <br/> From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	[[File: A 1940s' file picture of firebrand nationalist and freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (centre sitting) with members of Indian National Army (INA) aka Azad Hind Fauj at a meeting in Bombay. (BCCL).jpg\|A 1940s' file picture of firebrand nationalist and freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (centre sitting) with members of Indian National Army (INA) aka Azad Hind Fauj at a meeting in Bombay. (BCCL) <br/> From: From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	[[File: Revolutionary freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (standing), addressing National Planning Committee (NPC) in Bombay on December 17, 1938. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (left) and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right) are also seen. (BCCL).jpg\|Revolutionary freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose (standing), addressing National Planning Committee (NPC) in Bombay on December 17, 1938. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (left) and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (right) are also seen. (BCCL) <br/> From: From: [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/rare-photos-of-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose/articleshow/67653074.cms ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]\|frame\|500px]]

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 1 September 2016
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	Report May 11, 1945		Report May 11, 1945
		+	=The death of a hero=
		+	==The Japanese government’s inquiry==
		+	[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/How-Netaji-died-in-a-plane-crash-Details-in-60-year-old-declassified-report/articleshow/53968822.cms How Netaji died in a plane crash: Details in 60-year-old declassified report, PTI \| Sep 1, 2016]
		+
		+	Highlights
		+
		+	* Immediately after taking off, the airplane in which he (Bose) rode fell to the ground, and he was wounded: Report
		+
		+	* 'Bose, wrapped up in flames, got off the plane'
		+
		+	LONDON: A classified 60-year-old Japanese government document on Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's death made public in September 2016 clearly concludes that the legendary freedom fighter died in a plane crash in Taiwan on August 18, 1945, backing the official version.
		+
		+	Bosefiles.info, a UK website set up to document evidence on the circumstances surrounding Netaji's death, said this is the first time the report titled 'Investigation on the cause of death and other matters of the late Subhas Chandra Bose' has been made public because it remained classified by Japanese authorities and was kept a secret by the Indian government.
		+
		+	"The report was completed in January 1956 and submitted to the Indian embassy in Tokyo, but since it was a classified document, neither side released it," the website says.
		+
		+	The seven-page report in Japanese and a 10-page translation in English reaches the conclusion that Netaji met with an air crash on 18 August, 1945 and died at a Taipei hospital the same evening.
		+
		+	"Immediately after taking off, the airplane in which he (Bose) rode fell to the ground, and he was wounded," the report notes in its 'Outline of the result of the investigation'.
		+
		+	It further records that at "about 3pm he entered the Nanmon Branch of Taipei Army Hospital"; and that at "about 7pm he died".
		+
		+	The findings also state that on "August 22, he was cremated (at the Taipei Municipal crematorium)".
		+
		+	In a more detailed description of the incident, the report says: "After the plane had taken off and risen about 20 metres above the ground, one petal of the three-petaled propeller of the left wing was suddenly broken, and the engine fell off.
		+
		+	"The airplane, subsequently unbalanced, crashed into ballast piles, beside the strip of the airport" and "was wrapped in flames in a moment.
		+
		+	"Bose, wrapped up in flames, got off the plane; Adjutant Rahmin (Colonel Habibur Rehman) and other passengers exerted themselves to take his clothes off... his whole body was seriously wounded by burns."
		+
		+	The Japanese government report on the death of Netaji, who was 48 years old then, backs the Shah Nawaz Khan-led inquiry instituted by the then Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru, which had investigated the matter later in 1956, according to a press release issued by the website.

	=See also=		=See also=

@@ Line 262: / Line 262: @@
 =See also=
 [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Ideology]]
 [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: After-1945]]
 [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Declassified papers]]

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 =Women's regiment=
 [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=LEARNING-WITH-THE-TIMES-In-43-Bose-raised-20062016012020 ''The Times of India''], June 20, 2016
 ''' ''In 1943, Bose raised a women's regiment to fight British'' '''
 '''Is the participation of women in the military a recent development?'''
 From ancient warriors, to medieval queens and women archers of the Amazon rainforests, there is plenty of evidence of women's active participation in the military through the ages. In the decades following the industrial revolution, women's participation in the armed forces was discouraged in the Western world. In many countries colonised by the West, however, there were women fighting against the colonial powers. After the industrial revolution, the first large-scale mobilisation of women for military purposes happened during the First World War. Even at that time, their role was primarily restricted to nursing services and other support functions.