Nepal: Political history - Revision history

Jyoti: /* The economy */

2025-10-15T08:18:29Z

‎The economy

Jyoti: /* Republican and secular */

2025-10-15T07:09:30Z

‎Republican and secular

Jyoti: /* Nepal-origin refugees from Bhutan */

2025-07-31T18:27:23Z

‎Nepal-origin refugees from Bhutan

Jyoti: /* 2001-2009 */

2025-07-31T18:26:11Z

‎2001-2009

Jyoti: /* Republican and secular */

2024-07-23T18:57:49Z

‎Republican and secular

Pdewan: /* 2017 */

2024-07-13T15:23:02Z

‎2017

Pdewan: /* State of turmoil */

2024-07-13T15:22:09Z

‎State of turmoil

Pdewan: Pdewan moved page Political history: Nepal to Nepal: Political history without leaving a redirect

2024-07-13T15:20:54Z

Pdewan moved page Political history: Nepal to Nepal: Political history without leaving a redirect

Jyoti: /* Republican and secular */

2023-06-07T15:35:26Z

‎Republican and secular

Jyoti: /* 2021 */

2021-08-24T04:06:35Z

‎2021

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 =The economy=
 ==2019-2024==
-[[File: The economy of Nepal- GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as a proportion of the national economy: 2019-2024.jpg|The economy of Nepal: GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as a proportion of the national economy: 2019-2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_09_2025_034_002_cap_TOI Sep 10, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
+[[File: The economy of Nepal- GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as a proportion of the national economy- 2019-2024.jpg|The economy of Nepal: GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as a proportion of the national economy: 2019-2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_09_2025_034_002_cap_TOI Sep 10, 2025: ''The Times of India'']|frame|500px]]
 '''See graphic''':

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:09, 15 October 2025
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	“The RPP does not accept the decision which would forbid the party's principal norm, and requests the EC to rethink the decision,“ RPP spokesperson Roshan Karki said. The party has also decided to launch a nationwide street movement demanding reinstatement of the Hindu state.		“The RPP does not accept the decision which would forbid the party's principal norm, and requests the EC to rethink the decision,“ RPP spokesperson Roshan Karki said. The party has also decided to launch a nationwide street movement demanding reinstatement of the Hindu state.
		+
		+	=The economy=
		+	==2019-2024==
		+	[[File: The economy of Nepal- GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as a proportion of the national economy: 2019-2024.jpg\|The economy of Nepal: GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as a proportion of the national economy: 2019-2024 <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=10_09_2025_034_002_cap_TOI Sep 10, 2025: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+	'''See graphic''':
		+
		+	'' The economy of Nepal: GDP, Per capita income, unemployment, Remittances as A proportion of the national economy: 2019-2024 ''
		+
		+	[[Category:History\|P POLITICAL HISTORY: NEPALPOLITICAL HISTORY: NEPALPOLITICAL HISTORY: NEPAL
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	=Government, changes in=		=Government, changes in=

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 Facing the heat, Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ on May 11 put on hold a licence to set up a private stock exchange in the country amidst allegations that the process may not have been entirely transparent. While Prachanda continues to put on a brave face over the trafficking scandal, he probably realises that the breach in the political arrangement of ‘impunity to all’ could ultimately see the floodgates being opened, with his own name featuring in several alleged scams. The probe into the refugee scam could trigger the beginning of many other investigations, which may threaten the political careers of top leaders of all major parties.
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 =YEAR-WISE DEVELOPMENTS=

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 31 July 2025
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	'''May 2009''': Prachanda resigns citing the “unconstitutional and undemocratic” move by the President to stop the government from sacking the army chief.		'''May 2009''': Prachanda resigns citing the “unconstitutional and undemocratic” move by the President to stop the government from sacking the army chief.
		+
		+	=2016=
		+	[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/prachandas-biggest-challenge-balance-between-delhi-and-domestic-audience/articleshow/53407969.cms Keshav Pradhan, July 27, 2016: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+
		+	The exit of K P Oli as Ne pal's PM after nine tur bulent months in office and the subsequent jubilation in India have put to test the ageold Nepali proverb: Junai jogi aaye pani kaanai chireko (Whoever the mendicant, he'll always have his earlobes pierced). The question is how different Oli's successor Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) will be for Delhi. Dahal is chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre).
		+
		+	Sure of losing a trust vote, Oli quit on Sunday before Nepal's parliament put it to vote. The motion was moved by Prachanda, the man who last autumn made Oli the PM and now succeeds him. Many in India rejoice the fall of tough-talking Oli, his aggressive public utterances often called Oli ko goli (Oli's gunshots). This is for two reasons: They hope India will regain its pre-eminence in Kathmandu, a status the outgoing PM wanted Beijing to enjoy as well. And, they think the change of guard will revive efforts to end the stalemate over autonomy to the Madhesis (Indian origin Nepalis) living in the terai bordering Bihar and UP .
		+
		+	''' THE GROUND REALITY '''
		+
		+	Such presumptions ignore Nepal's ground realities vis-à-vis India. What all Nepali netas dread is to be branded a friend (lackey, to opponents) of India. This mindset resulted from anti-India feelings whipped up by the erstwhile Shah Kings during the party-less panchayat rule that Delhi disapproved of. It was also the consequence of a sustained communist campaign against “Indian hegemony and expansionism“.
		+
		+	Occasional loose statements of Indian politicians and diplomats undermining Nepali sensibilities, too, sharpened the anti-India slant. Lately, the Madhesi autonomy stir, which most hill Nepalis accuse Delhi of aiding, has added more to anti-Indianism. A favourable Indian response to Dahal has only put the Maoists in discomfiture. “We wish India and the Indian media had been restrained in their reactions,“ a senior Maoist leader rues.What seems to have prompted the Maoists to exit the coalition government is Oli's efforts to try them for war crimes related to the `People's War'. The former revolutionaries fear such a move could encourage India to prosecute them in old cases.
		+
		+	''' FINE BALANCING ACT '''
		+
		+	Given his ideological beliefs and experience as PM, Prachanda may find balancing Delhi and the domestic audience more daunting than tackling the Madhesi crisis or the problems of more than 260,000 victims of last year's earthquake. It's unlikely that he'll ever directly refute what Oli said in parliament about Nepal's ties with India and China minutes before his ouster. “We don't want to depend on one country... We shall not accept any relationship that resembles the one between a ruler and ruled.“ Oli said this to justify his decision to expand trade and transit ties with China during last year's Madhesi blockade of supply routes. Both the Maoists and their new ally, Nepali Congress, have pledged to carry forward all international deals formalised by Oli's government.
		+
		+	One major demand of Prachanda's `People's War' was the abrogation of all bilateral pacts with Delhi, including the 1950 India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship. These, the Maoists insist, favour India.While Oli blames India for his ouster, Prachanda had done as much when he was removed as PM in 2009 over the sacking of the then Nepal Army chief Gen Rukmangad Katwal. That Prachanda's detractors will use this to attack him became clear when Oli, in his last speech in parliament as PM, recalled how the Maoists once attacked vehicles with Indian registration plates and opposed screening of Bollywood films.
		+
		+	''' ELBOW ROOM '''
		+
		+	Prachanda's success will depend on how much space he gets to handle domestic and international affairs. As part of a power-sharing deal, he and Nepali Congress's Sher Bahadur Deuba will be PM for nine months each till the next parliament is elected. Deuba, whom detractors accuse of being pro-US, had put a reward of Rs 50 lakh on Prachanda's head during the `People's War’.
		+
		+	Besides, most ministers will be from the Nepali Congress, which has more parliamentarians than Maoists. There's also a possibility of Madhesi, royalist, smaller communist and ethnic parties joining the government.Prachanda and his party have always been steadfast in their fight for autonomy for all ethnicities, including Madhesis and Tharus, another community of terai dwellers.
		+
		+	The Maoists had then set up frontal wings such as Madhesi Mukti Morcha and Tharuwan Mukti Morcha, which many say inspired all ethnic groups to demand a federal constitution.Despite this, Prachanda, like predecessors Oli and Sushil Koirala, may find handling the Madhesi issue difficult because of his earlier decision to support lumping of some terai districts with provinces earmarked for hill people.The Madhesis, resentful of the way India handled their issue to appease Oli, want all 21 terai districts in two autonomous zones to be carved out for them. (Their border blockade subsided within two months after Oli took over). Earlier, they had wanted one province.
		+
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	=2017=		=2017=

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:57, 23 July 2024
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	“The RPP does not accept the decision which would forbid the party's principal norm, and requests the EC to rethink the decision,“ RPP spokesperson Roshan Karki said. The party has also decided to launch a nationwide street movement demanding reinstatement of the Hindu state.		“The RPP does not accept the decision which would forbid the party's principal norm, and requests the EC to rethink the decision,“ RPP spokesperson Roshan Karki said. The party has also decided to launch a nationwide street movement demanding reinstatement of the Hindu state.
		+
		+	=Government, changes in=
		+	==2024, July==
		+	[https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=13_07_2024_028_007_cap_TOI July 13, 2024: ''The Times of India'']
		+
		+	[[File: 2008-2024- Nepal has had 13 prime ministers in this period.jpg\|2008-2024: Nepal has had 13 prime ministers in this period <br/> From: [https://epaper.indiatimes.com/article-share?article=13_07_2024_028_007_cap_TOI July 13, 2024: ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]
		+
		+
		+	Kathmandu : K P Sharma Oli is set to become Nepal’s PM once again after incumbent PM Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ failed to win a trust vote in parliament after surviving four times in the past, amidst frequent political turmoil in the Himalayan nation. Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML) chairman Oli Friday staked claim to lead a new majority govt before President Ramchandra Paudel with the support of 165 lawmakers, including 77 from his party and 88 from Nepali Congress (NC).
		+
		+	Although fringe parties, including Janata Samajbadi Party (JSP), JSP-Nepal, Loktantrik Samajbadi Party, Janamat Party and Nagarik Unmukti Party are in favour of the Congress-UML coalition, Oli staked claim showing the support of only UML and Congress. “We have staked claim for the new govt before the prez. It’s up to him to decide when to make the appointment,” said Ramesh Lekhak, Congress chief whip.
		+
		+	Prachanda, also chairman of Communist Party of NepalMaoist Centre (CPN-MC), faced the vote as the Oli-led CPNUML withdrew support from his govt last week after inking a power-sharing deal with the largest party in the House, NC, led by Sher Bahadur Deuba.
		+
		+	Prachanda, 69, lost his position, over 18 months after his appointment on Dec 25, 2022, as he failed to secure a vote of confidence during a floor test in the House of Representatives. He failed to secure the 138 votes required to endorse the trust motion as only 63 lawmakers voted in his favour in the 275-strong House of Representatives. A total of 194 lawmakers voted against him.
		+
		+	Deuba has endorsed Oli as the next PM as per a 7-point deal both parties agreed upon Monday before toppling Prachanda‘s govt. According to the deal, Oli and Deuba will share the premiership during the remaining period of the House; in the first phase Oli will become PM for one and a half years and then, Deuba will take the post for rest of the period.  PTI
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	=Nepal-origin refugees from Bhutan=		=Nepal-origin refugees from Bhutan=

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 The Communist bloc is also leading in six out of seven provincial assemblies mandated in a new national constitution. The charter was finally agreed by parliament in 2015 in a rare moment of cross-party consensus, months after the country was devastated by a powerful earthquake. It laid the ground for a sweeping overhaul of the political system to devolve power from the centre to newly-created provinces. It was intended to build on the promise of a more inclusive society, integral to the 2006 peace deal that ended the decade-long civil war between Maoists and the state.
 =2018=

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-'''May 2002''': Parliament dissolved and fresh elections are called over extending emergency. Sher Bahadur Deuba heads interim government and renews emergency.
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-'''April 2006''': The King agrees to reinstate Parliament following protests. G.P. Koirala appointed prime minister. Maoists declare a ceasefire.
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-'''May 2006''': Parliament curtails the King’s powers. Government and Maoists begin talks.
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-'''November 2006''': Maoists and the government sign accord and declare a formal end to a 10-year insurgency.
-−
-'''January 2007''': Maoist leaders enter Parliament under a temporary constitution.
-−
-'''December 2007''': Parliament approves abolition of monarchy as part of peace deal with Maoists.
-−
-'''April 2008''': Maoists win the largest number of seats in the new Constituent Assembly.
-−
-'''May 2008''': Nepal becomes a republic.
-−
-'''August 2008''': Prachanda forms coalition government and the Nepali Congress becomes the Opposition.
-−
-'''May 2009''': Prachanda resigns citing the “unconstitutional and undemocratic” move by the President to stop the government from sacking the army chief.
 =Republican and secular=

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 7 June 2023
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	“The RPP does not accept the decision which would forbid the party's principal norm, and requests the EC to rethink the decision,“ RPP spokesperson Roshan Karki said. The party has also decided to launch a nationwide street movement demanding reinstatement of the Hindu state.		“The RPP does not accept the decision which would forbid the party's principal norm, and requests the EC to rethink the decision,“ RPP spokesperson Roshan Karki said. The party has also decided to launch a nationwide street movement demanding reinstatement of the Hindu state.
		+
		+	=Nepal-origin refugees from Bhutan=
		+	==1980s- 2022==
		+	[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/the-refugee-scam-that-has-triggered-arrests-and-a-spectacle-in-nepals-parliament-8609243/ Yubaraj Ghimire, May 16, 2023: ''The Indian Express'']
		+
		+	For over three decades, Nepal has been home to more than 120,000 Bhutanese refugees, who left their country after Bhutan’s government put certain restrictions on the religious and cultural practices — and even dress — of people of Nepali origin, in the 1980s.
		+
		+	India, where the refugees first reached, was not welcoming, and quickly pushed them to Nepal. This was in 1989, when India-Nepal relations had hit a trough after the Rajiv Gandhi government imposed an 18-month economic blockade on Nepal, ostensibly to punish it for buying weapons from China.
		+	Over a decade from 1992 onward, Nepal and Bhutan held 15 rounds of talks on the repatriation of the refugees, which yielded no results. India refused to mediate, and asked its neighbours to sort out the issue between themselves.
		+
		+	At this stage, seven western countries — the US, Canada, New Zealand, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Australia — agreed to take in a total 113,307 Bhutanese. After this process ended in 2019, a committee set up by the government of then Prime Minister K P Oli recommended there were still 429 individuals who were eligible for third-country settlement, and that they should be issued refugee identity cards.
		+
		+
		+	However, the alleged syndicate corrupted the list, targeting vulnerable individuals on it, and trying to inflate it by claiming many refugees had been left out of the resettlement process. Huge sums of money allegedly exchanged hands on the promise of a smooth flight abroad.
		+
		+	''' Arrests and uproar '''
		+
		+	When the plans of some of those who had paid did not work out, they complained to the Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Nepal’s constitutional anti-corruption body, and the police. The alleged victims said they paid Rs 1-5 million as “part or advance” payment for resettlement overseas.
		+	Earlier this month, an arrest warrant was issued for Top Bahadur Rayamajhi, who was Deputy Prime Minister in the government of K P Sharma Oli. Rayamajhi, who was suspended as secretary of Oli’s Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML) on May 10, is absconding; his son Sandeep Rayamajhi is under arrest.
		+
		+	Keshab Dulal, an aide to Nepali Congress leader and former Deputy Prime Minister Sujata Koirala, was the first to be arrested and interrogated. Indrajit Rai, a former member of Nepal’s constituent assembly who was security adviser to Ram Bahadur Thapa ‘Badal’, Oli’s Home Minister in 2018-21, was arrested on May 2. Balkrishna Khand, the Nepali Congress leader, was arrested on May 10.
		+
		+	Badal’s son Prateek Thapa is said to be on the “wanted” list for involvement in the racket.
		+
		+	Despite several corruption scandals over the past decade and a half of loktantra, Parliament has rarely debated graft, or sought to hold the government accountable. However, the refugee scam was seen as devaluing Nepal’s sovereignty itself, with protesters being called traitors.
		+
		+	Amaresh Kumar Singh, the independent lawmaker who took off his shirt in Parliament, had earlier alleged that Nepal was being run by “Pampha Devis”, a reference to an allegation from three decades ago that the country’s then Queen Aishwarya had stashed away money in Swiss banks in the fictitious name of “Pampha Devi”.
		+
		+	''' Political fallout '''
		+
		+	The protests over the refugee scam has for the first time challenged the impunity that leaders in both government and opposition have traditionally enjoyed in the House. The scandal has become an emotive issue of nationalism, with the alleged traffickers — including politicians and bureaucrats — being seen as trading in human beings for financial gain.
		+
		+	Facing the heat, Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ on May 11 put on hold a licence to set up a private stock exchange in the country amidst allegations that the process may not have been entirely transparent. While Prachanda continues to put on a brave face over the trafficking scandal, he probably realises that the breach in the political arrangement of ‘impunity to all’ could ultimately see the floodgates being opened, with his own name featuring in several alleged scams. The probe into the refugee scam could trigger the beginning of many other investigations, which may threaten the political careers of top leaders of all major parties.
		+
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	=2017=		=2017=

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 =2021=
 == SC reinstates House of Representatives==
 [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/nepals-supreme-court-reinstates-dissolved-house-of-representatives/articleshow/81174465.cms  February 23, 2021: ''The Times of India'']
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