Bihar - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Health Infrastructure */

2017-07-27T05:57:31Z

‎Health Infrastructure

Pdewan: /* AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS */

2017-06-15T17:39:45Z

‎AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS

Pdewan: /* Bihar: Caste, politics and development */

2015-10-01T16:37:20Z

‎Bihar: Caste, politics and development

Pdewan: /* Bihar: Caste, politics and development */

2015-09-16T17:38:22Z

‎Bihar: Caste, politics and development

Pdewan: /* Bihar: Caste, politics and development */

2015-09-16T14:28:48Z

‎Bihar: Caste, politics and development

Pdewan: /* AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS */

2015-09-16T14:25:34Z

‎AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS

Pdewan: /* BIHAR */

2015-08-21T16:29:59Z

‎BIHAR

Pdewan at 21:40, 21 June 2015

2015-06-21T21:40:59Z

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This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official
publication. Therefore, it has been ..."

2013-08-22T20:04:50Z

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This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official <br/>publication. Therefore, it has been ‘locked’ and will never be <br/> thrown open to readers to edit or comment on.<br/>

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[[Category:India|B]]
[[Category:Places|B]]
[[Category:Name|Alphabet]]
[[Category:Name|Alphabet]]

==The source of this article==
''' INDIA 2012 '''

A REFERENCE ANNUAL

'' Compiled by ''

RESEARCH, REFERENCE AND TRAINING DIVISION

PUBLICATIONS DIVISION

MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

=BIHAR=
Area : 94,163 sq km

Population : 8,28,78,796 (census 2001)

''' Capital : ''' Patna

Principal Language : Hindi
==HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY==
Bihar finds mention in the Vedas, Puranas, epics, etc., and was the main scene of
activities of Buddha and the 24 Jain Tirthankars. Great rulers of the State before the
Christian era were Bimbisar, Udayin, who founded the city of Pataliputra,
Chandragupta Maurya and Emperor Ashoka of Maurya dynasty, the Sungs and
the Kanvas. Then came the Kushan rulers followed by Chandragupta Vikramaditya
of the Gupta dynasty. Muslim rulers made inroads into the territory during the
medieval period. The first conqueror of Bihar was Mohammed- bin-Bakhtiar Khalji.
The Tughluqs and then the Mughals followed the Khaljis.

One of the major states of the Indian Union, Bihar is bounded on the north by
Nepal, on the east by West Bengal, on the west by Uttar Pradesh and on the south
by Jharkhand. Bihar has a number of rivers, the most important of which is the
Ganga. The other rivers are the Sone, Poonpoon, Falgu, Karmanasa, Durgawati,
Kosi, Gandak, Ghaghara, etc.

==AGRICULTURE==
Bihar has a total geographical area of about 93.60 lakh hectare, out of which only
55.54 lakh hectare is the net cultivated area with a gross cultivated area of 76.71
lakh hectare during 2008-09. The principal food crops are paddy, wheat, maize and
pulses. Main cash crops are sugarcane, potato, tobacco, oilseeds, onion, chillies,
jute and mesta. Bihar has a notified forest area of 6.22 lakh hectare , which is 6.65
per cent of its geographical area.
==IRRIGATION==
Bihar has an irrigation potential of 28.73 lakh hectare. It is created through major
and medium irrigation schemes and 6.63 lakh hectare is through minor irrigation
schemes.
==GOVERNMENT==
Governor : Shri D. Konwar

Chief Secretary : Shri Anup Mukherji

Chief Minister : Shri Nitish Kumar

Jurisdiction of High Court: Bihar
==AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS==
S.No. District Area (in sq km) Population Headquarters

(Census 2001)

1. Araria 2,830.00 21,58,608 Araria

2. Arwal 637.00 5,89,476 Arwal

3. Aurangabad 3,389.2 20,04,960 Aurangabad

4. Begusarai 1,918.00 23,49,366 Begusarai

5. Bhagalpur 2,569.00 24,23,172 Bhagalpur

6. Banka 3,020.00 16,08,773 Banka

7. Bhojpur 2,395.00 22,43,144 Arrah

8. Buxar 1,703.00 14,02,396 Buxar

9. Kaimur (Bhabhua) 3,362.00 12,89,074 Bhabhua

10. Darbhanga 2,279.00 32,95,789 Darbhanga

11. East Champaran 3,968.00 39,39,773 Motihari

12. Gaya 4,976.00 34,73,428 Gaya

13. Gopalganj 2,033.00 21,52,638 Gopalganj

14. Jahanabad 932.00 9,24,839 Jahanabad

15. Jamui 3,098.00 13,98,796 Jamui

16. Katihar 3,057.00 23,92,638 Katihar

17. Khagaria 1,486.00 1,28,00,354 Khagaria

18. Kishanganj 1,884.00 12,96,348 Kishanganj

19. Lakhisarai 1,228.00 8,02,225 Lakhisarai

20. Madhepura 1,788.00 15,26,646 Madhepura

21. Madhubani 3,501.00 35,75,281 Madhubani

22. Munger 1,419.00 11,37,297 Munger

23. Muzaffarpur 3,172.00 37,46,714 Muzaffarpur

24. Nalanda 2,355.00 23,70,528 Biharsharif

25. Nawada 2,494.00 18,09,696 Nawada

26. Patna 3,202.00 47,18,592 Patna

27. Purnea 3,229.00 25,43,942 Purnea

28. Rohtas 3,851.00 24,50,748 Sasaram

29. Saharsa 1,687.00 15,08,182 Saharsa

30. Samastipur 2,904.00 33,94,793 Samastipur

31. Saran 2,641.00 32,48,701 Chapra

32. Shekhpura 689.00 5,25,502 Sitamarhi

33. Sheohar 349.00 5,15,961 Sheohar

34. Sitamarhi 2,294.00 26,82,720 Sitamarhi

35. Siwan 2,219.00 27,14,349 Siwan

36. Supaul 2,425.00 17,32,578 Supaul

37. Vaishali 2,036.00 27,18,421 Hazipur

38. West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah

@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 . West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah
-== Health Infrastructure ==
+== Health==
 [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bihar-public-health-infrastructure-fake-doctors/1/682903.html Amitabh Srivastava , Licence to murder “India Today” 1/6/2016]
-[[File: Understaffed health infrastructure .jpg| Understaffed health infrastructure |frame|500px]]
+[[File: Understaffed health infrastructure .jpg| Understaffed health infrastructure; [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bihar-public-health-infrastructure-fake-doctors/1/682903.html Amitabh Srivastava , Licence to murder “India Today” 1/6/2016]|frame|500px]]
 =Bihar: Caste, politics and development=

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 15 June 2017
Line 152:		Line 152:

	38. West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah		38. West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah
		+
		+	== Health Infrastructure ==
		+	[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bihar-public-health-infrastructure-fake-doctors/1/682903.html Amitabh Srivastava , Licence to murder “India Today” 1/6/2016]
		+	[[File: Understaffed health infrastructure .jpg\| Understaffed health infrastructure \|frame\|500px]]

	=Bihar: Caste, politics and development=		=Bihar: Caste, politics and development=

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 1 October 2015
Line 171:		Line 171:

	Nearly 90% of people still use wood or cow dung or kerosene to cook and over half the population resides in houses with thatched or other kachcha material roofs. Electricity for lighting is used by just 16% of the population. Education is still not accessible to all with the state having a literacy rate of 62% compared to 73% for the country . Women's literacy is just 52%, the lowest among all states. The desire for education appears to be huge as the current student population is not too far behind the national average. As the electioneering kicks off, the people of Bihar and the whole country are waiting to see whether this will be another round of identity politics and wild promises, with no real change.		Nearly 90% of people still use wood or cow dung or kerosene to cook and over half the population resides in houses with thatched or other kachcha material roofs. Electricity for lighting is used by just 16% of the population. Education is still not accessible to all with the state having a literacy rate of 62% compared to 73% for the country . Women's literacy is just 52%, the lowest among all states. The desire for education appears to be huge as the current student population is not too far behind the national average. As the electioneering kicks off, the people of Bihar and the whole country are waiting to see whether this will be another round of identity politics and wild promises, with no real change.
		+
		+	=Caste-based kitchens for policemen=
		+	[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Caste-based-kitchens-for-Patna-cops-25092015035041 ''The Times of India''], Sep 25 2015
		+
		+	Manish Adhikary
		+
		+	'''Caste-based kitchens for Patna cops'''
		+
		+	Mohammed Ghori is said to have witnessed a puzzling sight before taking on Prithivraj Chauhan's men.After sunset, in the enemy camp, soldiers broke into groups that lit separate fires to cook their dinner. Such a divided enemy won't last, Ghori is believed to have remarked.
		+	More than 800 years later, in the police lines barracks of Patna city , a kilometre off the iconic Gandhi Maidan -the seat of many a socialist call to arms -a similar scene unfolds at night. Constables and hawaldars, young and old, battle for law and order unitedly .But at dinner time, they sepa rate into groups formed on lines of caste and geography .
		+
		+	Over 20 chowkas -makeshift kitchens that make up for the absence of a joint cooking area -spring to life be tween 8pm and 10pm daily .Clay ovens hot up and the firewood crackles as rotis disappear into hungry tummies.
		+
		+	“Yehi parampara rahi hai yahaan saalon se,“ a consta ble says. “This has been the tradition for years.“
		+
		+	Wary their superiors might take umbrage, most policemen here request that they not be named.
		+
		+	Asked if the separate kitchens indicate a divide among the ranks, most brush away the concern, saying these groupings are based on friendship. “If you are a Yadav, you will generally have more Yadav friends. So you live together and eat together.The same is true for other castes. Also, if you are from a far off place like Darbhanga, it doesn't matter whether you are Hindu or Muslim, you will live in close proximity.“ Caste considerations seem to be a major factor in Patna's police lines. Barrack no. 3 is said to be a Rajput bastion. Barrack 5 is dominated by Bhumihars, while Barrack 8 is identified as the one where the Paswans hold sway .
		+
		+	“These are mere indicators that that particular caste outnumbers the rest in that barrack. You will also find a Dalit in a Bhumihar barrack. It's not that the entire barrack belongs to the Bhumihars,“ says a hawaldar.
		+
		+	In need of a desperate facelift amid overflowing toilets, cramped sleeping areas and lack of official holidays during election season, the barracks are no less than war zones. The main buildings were built in the 1960s, says a senior officer. “The facilities were built keeping in mind the strength of the force at that time. Over the years, the numbers have risen exponentially but the facilities have remained the same. Major renovations are also a problem because we don't have a place where we can shift these people to allow repair work to begin.“ As things stand now, there are over 5,000 people crammed in different build ings. Each floor is stuffed with beds where people are sometimes forced to take turns to sleep. The ceilings are crumbling after the monsoon rains and chunks of concrete can land on a sleeping policeman's head at any time.
		+
		+	And the elections are not good news because the bar racks, already bursting at the seams, will have to accom modate another few thou sand men in the coming days.
		+
		+	The recent protests by the policemen's association to force the authorities to take stock of their living con ditions are yet to bear fruit.
		+
		+	“A lot is said about the improved law and order condition in the city and the state. Who made it possible?“ asks a visibly frustrated cop.“People blame us for everything without realising what we go through to make Bihar a safe place. And look what we get for it?“

	=Casteism projected into history=		=Casteism projected into history=

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:38, 16 September 2015
Line 171:		Line 171:

	Nearly 90% of people still use wood or cow dung or kerosene to cook and over half the population resides in houses with thatched or other kachcha material roofs. Electricity for lighting is used by just 16% of the population. Education is still not accessible to all with the state having a literacy rate of 62% compared to 73% for the country . Women's literacy is just 52%, the lowest among all states. The desire for education appears to be huge as the current student population is not too far behind the national average. As the electioneering kicks off, the people of Bihar and the whole country are waiting to see whether this will be another round of identity politics and wild promises, with no real change.		Nearly 90% of people still use wood or cow dung or kerosene to cook and over half the population resides in houses with thatched or other kachcha material roofs. Electricity for lighting is used by just 16% of the population. Education is still not accessible to all with the state having a literacy rate of 62% compared to 73% for the country . Women's literacy is just 52%, the lowest among all states. The desire for education appears to be huge as the current student population is not too far behind the national average. As the electioneering kicks off, the people of Bihar and the whole country are waiting to see whether this will be another round of identity politics and wild promises, with no real change.
		+
		+	=Casteism projected into history=
		+	[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Caste-ing-Ashoka-In-Bihar-14092015012030 ''The Times of India''], Sep 14 2015
		+
		+	Nalin Mehta
		+
		+	''' Caste-ing Ashoka in Bihar '''
		+
		+	==Ashoka, the great Kushwaha==
		+
		+	''' How caste politics is being resurrected with dubious history before polls '''
		+
		+	What does an ancient emperor who died over 2,300 years ago have to do with the hurly-burly of Bihar elections in the present day? Every thing, it seems, as politicians pull out all the stops to attract, make and remake caste formations.
		+	So in this cauldron of caste, Emperor Ashoka whose lion seal adorns our rupees, whose dharma chakra is on the national flag, who was the greatest communicator of ancient India reshaping much of Asia with Buddhism ¬ as Constantine would later reshape Europe with Christianity ¬ has now been repackaged as a Kushwaha leader.
		+
		+	The Rashtravadi Kushwaha Parishad, which is aligned with BJP, has held several commemoration functions in Bihar since last year, arguing that both Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka were Kushwahas and therefore ancestors of present-day Bihari Kushwahas or Koeris who make up about 9% of voters. State BJP leaders like Sushil Kumar Modi have publicly argued in these ceremonies that if voted to power, their party would restore the glory that Kushwahas supposedly enjoyed during the Mauryan empire.
		+
		+	They have likened the JD(U) regime to the capricious regime of the last Nanda king, Dhanananda, who was uprooted by Chanakya and the Mauryas.In May this year a celebration of 2,300 years of Ashoka in Patna turned into a political advocacy event, with posters coming up across the city of a bejewelled and moustachioed Ashoka image, sitting side-by-side with Kushwaha caste leaders and BJP satraps.
		+	The perplexing appropriation of Ashoka as a caste leader is part of these ground-level machinations. Kushwahas, an OBC caste who claim their descent from Ram's son Kush, were part of the social axis of forward castes and extremely backward castes that combined with the slogan of good governance to hand Nitish Kumar his 2010 triumph in Bihar.
		+
		+	Union minister Upendra Kushwaha's break with JD(U) in 2013 and his formation of Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP), which in alliance with BJP won three Lok Sabha seats in 2014, was an attempt to break up the old Nitish coalition. Along with RLSP, Jitan Ram Manjhi's Hindustan Awam Morcha, essentially aimed at Musahars, and Ram Vilas Paswan's Dalit-focussed Lok Janshakti Party , BJP's social coalition is essentially one of upper castes and those at the very bottom of the caste pyramid to take on the Yadav-Muslim-KurmiMBC combine that the mahagathbandhan is banking on.
		+	Historians have been aghast at the bizarre appropriation of Ashoka as a caste leader. There is no evidence whatsoever of the emperor's caste credentials in Mauryan records. Yet, Kushwaha Parishad members insist they can prove it.The emperor has become a tool in the politics of social engineering in Bihar.
		+	==Dinkar, Pratap, Chuhar, Kunwar==
		+	Just as the legendary Hindi poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar has now been recast as a Bhumihar icon, Maharana Pratap of Mewar as a tool to woo upper-caste Rajputs and Baba Chuhar Mal as a dalit leader. State leaders have embraced all of these, including Kunwar Singh who fought the British in 1857, and held caste functions to commemorate these figures.
		+
		+	Rewriting history to serve modern political ends is not new. In UP, for example, BSP focussed on recasting and highlighting the stories of dalit veeranganas as a way of forging a new dalit identity.Bihari politics seemed to have turned a corner in 2010, moving from caste to bijli, sadak and paani like the rest of India.
		+
		+	The casting of Ashoka ¬ whose edicts on good governance moved Nehru to describe him as “a man who though, an emperor, was greater than any king or emperor“ ¬ as a Kushwaha leader does not diminish the Mauryan monarch, it diminishes us.

	=Backward districts=		=Backward districts=

@@ Line 155: / Line 155: @@
 =Bihar: Caste, politics and development=
 [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=STATE-OF-THE-STATE-BIHAR-A-story-in-11092015011007 ''The Times of India''], Sep 11 2015
 Subodh Varma

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 ==AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS==
 S.No. District Area (in sq km) Population Headquarters
 (Census 2001)
@@ Line 153: / Line 152: @@
 . West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah
 =Backward districts=

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 21 August 2015
Line 153:		Line 153:

	38. West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah		38. West Champaran 5,228.00 30,43,466 Bettiah
		+
		+	=Backward districts=
		+	[http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=In-poll-bound-Bihar-Patna-20-dists-get-20082015015038 ''The Times of India''], Aug 20 2015
		+
		+	''' In poll-bound Bihar, Patna & 20 dists get backward status '''
		+
		+	The Centre notified 21 Bihar districts, including capital Patna as backward areas and unveiled tax rebate for them in the poll-bound state, a day after the Narendra Modi government announced a mega Rs 1.25 lakh crore development package.
		+	The 21 districts include Patna, Nalanda, Bhojpur, Rohtas, Kaimur, Gaya, Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Nawada, Vaishali, Sheohar, Samastipur, Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnea, Katihar, Araria, Jamui, Lakhisarai, Supaul and Muzaffarpur.
		+
		+	The move goes a significant distance towards meeting Bihar's demand for `special status', and can help BJP blunt one of the major campaign themes of Bihar chief minister Nitish Kumar. BJP celebrated the development as proof of Modi government's commitment to the well-being of the backward state. “Nitish Kumar should have the honesty to recognize and applaud the fact that BJP has already done for the state what he had used as a slogan and failed to realize despite his opportunistic tie-up with Congress,“ Bihar BJP functionary Sushil Modi said.
		+
		+	Government sources said that similar benefit was provided to Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to help them develop.
		+
		+	The move is aimed at pro viding an opportunity to districts concerned to grow faster. Any manufacturing unit set up between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2020, in these districts will be eligible for 15% additional depreciation and 15% investment allowance under the Income Tax Act, on the cost of plant and machinery acquired and installed during this period.
		+
		+	“Thus, a manufacturing undertakingenterprise set up in any of these areas during the aforesaid period will be eligible for 35% (instead of 20%) of additional depreciation. This would be over and above the normal depreciation of 15%. Besides, a company engaged in manufacturing will also be eligible for 30% (instead of 15%) of investment allowance if its investment in new plant and machinery during the period 1.4.2015 to 31.3.2017 exceeds Rs 25 crore,“ a government statement said.
		+
		+	Modi's announcement for Bihar, underlining the political significance of the state polls seen to be a major test for the PM and the opposition RJD-JD (U)-Congress combine. This was above the Rs 40,000 crore given for ongoing projects.The package marks a major push by the prime minister to signal his commitment to Bihar's development and gives BJP a decisive edge over the challenge posed by the Janata Parivar.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 21 June 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
−		+	[[File: Bihar.jpg\|Some facts: Bihar; Graphic courtesy: [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=MSY-takes-umbrage-at-Rahul-Nitish-meet-08062015008035 ''The Times of India'']\|frame\|500px]]

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Bihar - Revision history

Jyoti: /* Health Infrastructure */

Pdewan: /* AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS */

Pdewan: /* Bihar: Caste, politics and development */

Pdewan: /* Bihar: Caste, politics and development */

Pdewan: /* Bihar: Caste, politics and development */

Pdewan: /* AREA, POPULATION AND HEADQUARTERS OF DISTRICTS */

Pdewan: /* BIHAR */

Pdewan at 21:40, 21 June 2015

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"| This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official publication. Therefore, it has been ..."

Pdewan: Created page with " {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="0"|
This article has been sourced from an authoritative, official
publication. Therefore, it has been ..."